我国婚前强制健康检查制度的回溯、鉴别与重构

Retrospection,Identification and Reconstruction of Compulsory Premarital Health Examination System in China

我国婚前强制健康检查制度从最初的强制婚检到目前自愿婚检的转变,期间有长达20年的下位法与上位法规定不一致的状况;鉴别该制度,应肯定其在促进优生优育、维护公共卫生安全等方面发挥着的重要作用,但其更为基础、也更具正当性的,是该制度通过保护准配偶的知情权和身体健康权,进而保障婚姻当事人在意思表示真实、信息对称的前提下实现婚姻自由的意蕴与价值;因此重构适合我国国情的该制度,须明确其正当性基础,调整法律规范,改进并完善相关配套制度,以寻求维护公共安全利益和保障个体权益的适度平衡。

China's pre-marital compulsory health examination system has changed from the initial compulsory pre-marital exami-nation to the current voluntary pre-marital examination.During the period,there was a 20-year inconsistency between the provisions of the lower law and the upper law.Reflecting on this system,it should be affirmed that it plays an important role in promoting good birth and good upbringing and maintaining public health.But what is more basic and more legitimate is that the system protects the prospec-tive spouse's right to know and the right to health of the body,and then guarantees the marriage parties to realize the meaning and value of marriage freedom under the premise of true meaning expression and information symmetry.Therefore,to reconstruct the system suit-able for China's national conditions,it is necessary to clarify its legitimacy basisadjust legal norms,improve and perfect relevant sup-porting systems,so as to seek an appropriate balance between safeguarding public health interests and protecting individual rights and interests.