比较教育研究中的文献法:误解、误用与规范化

Document-based Research Method in Comparative Education Research:Misunderstanding,Misuse and Improvement

文献法虽然在比较教育研究中得到广泛使用,但面临严重的误解和误用问题。文献法有别于文献综述,也不只是一种资料收集方法技术,而是一种将现存文献资料作为主要证据来源,通过系统收集和分析这些文献资料来认识教育现象及其规律的非介入性研究方式。文献法因其相对便捷性和非介入性而有着其他方法不可替代的价值,但其规范化问题应引起重视。使用文献法时,应更加细致思考和报告其上位的方法论及下位的具体方法技术,增强研究的可回溯性和可检验性。文献研究超越文本描述的关键是加强“理论敏感性”。文献法在强化“边界感”的同时,也要主动吸收其他方法技术的养分,尤其应注意不断涌现的新形态文献对于比较教育研究的意义。

The document-based research method is widely used in comparative education research.However,it faces misunderstanding and misuse.The document-based research method is different from the literature review and is not just a technique of data collection.It is a kind of unobtrusive research approach that takes the existing documents as the main evidence sources and understands the educational phenomenon and its laws through systematically collecting and analyzing these documents.The document-based research method has irreplaceable value because of its convenience and unobtrusiveness,but its standardization should be paid much attention to.When using the document-based research method,it is imperative to carefully consider and report its methodology and specific techniques to enhance the retrievability and testability of the research.The key for the document-based research method to distinguish from the textual description is to strengthen"theoretical sensitivity".Apart from reinforcing its boundary,the document-based research method should take the initiative in studying other research techniques,especially noting the significance of the emerging document of new forms in comparative education research.