英国高中阶段学术教育与技术教育“并轨”改革机理和路径

The Mechanism and Path of the Integration of Academic Education and Technical Education in British High Schools

高中阶段教育是衔接义务教育和高等教育的重要枢纽,是支撑教育高质量发展的关键环节。2023年10月,英国政府颁布高中教育重大改革方案,从结构上打破普通教育与职业教育“双轨”运行的藩篱。英国高中教育“并轨”改革的目标是:确保技术教育与学术教育的平等地位,嵌入强大的基本核心知识,确保每位学生学习更广泛的科目,增加高质量的教学时间。政府通过重构高中教育体系、施行高级中等教育新标准、配套改革的保障措施三大路径实施改革方案。英国构建的“单轨”制高中教育新标准有机融合学术路径与职业路径,推动普通教育与职业教育协调发展;提供更宽的科目选择范围,动态平衡课程的广度与深度;强化核心基础知识学习,为学生可持续发展奠定厚实基础;增加高质量的教学时间,确保教学质量与教育公平;提供清晰的学业进阶路径,不断增强学生选择的灵活性。

High school education serves as a crucial link between compulsory education and higher education,a pivotal component in supporting high-quality educational development.In October 2023,the UK government unveiled a significant reform plan for high school education,dismantling the structural barriers between academic and vocational education,which traditionally operated on separate tracks.The goal of the"integration"reform in UK high school education is to ensure parity between technical and academic education,embed robust core knowledge,guarantee a broader curriculum for every student,and increase the quantity of high-quality instructional time.The reform is implemented through three main pathways:restructuring the high school education system,implementing new standards for advanced high school education,and establishing supporting measures for reform.The new standard for a"single-track"system in UK high school education ensures that students aged 16-19 can freely select a combination of subjects from a broader range of academic and technical courses,with equal respect for technical and academic education.It maintains a balance in the breadth and depth of knowledge learning,provides more high-quality course hours,enhances core knowledge,and improves key skills and employability,thus offering high school graduates a simple yet flexible path to choose from.