日本学校安全政策演进:特征、动因及趋势

A Study on the Evolution,Characteristics,Drivers,and Future Trends of School Safety Policies in Japan

第二次世界大战后,日本学校安全政策受到社会现状改变和安全理念转变的双重影响。基于历史制度主义视角,该政策经历“法律法规阶段”“指导纲领阶段”“生存能力阶段”和“推进计划阶段”四个时期。这凸显出演进的主体性、具体性、实时性,旨在更有效地提升学校安全水平。日本学校安全政策提倡政府放手式支持,强调构建安全环境的主动权应下放给学校,使其更好地适应本土需求。同时,政策鼓励社区在地化参与,为安全学校的建设提供知识、资金与人力支持,从而构建强大的学校安全网络。由政府、学校、社区共同打造的合作机制成为日本学校安全政策的核心要素。未来,日本学校安全政策将更加注重全面安全生态系统的建立、学生中心安全理念的贯彻、安全学校数字技术的运用。

After World War II,Japan's school safety policies have been influenced by both changes in societal conditions and shifts in safety concepts.From a historical institutionalism perspective,these policies have undergone four distinct phases:the"Legislative and Regulatory Phase",the"Guidance Program Phase",the"Survival Capability Phase",and the"Promotion Plan Phase".This evolution highlights the policy's focus on subjectivity,specificity,and timeliness,aiming to enhance school safety more effectively.The Japanese school safety policies advocate for government support that empowers schools to actively manage their safety environments,enabling them to better meet local needs.Simultaneously,the policies encourage community-based involvement,providing knowledge,funding,and human resources to build a robust school safety network.This collaborative model,involving government,schools,and communities,is pivotal to Japan's school safety policies.Looking forward,Japan's school safety policies will emphasize the development of a comprehensive safety ecosystem,the implementation of a student-centered safety philosophy,and the integration of digital technologies in school safety measures.