职业教育混合所有制改革实践的发展历程、基本共识与应对策略

The Development Process,Basic Consensus,and Coping Strategies of Mixed Ownership Reform in Vocational Education

自2014年国务院印发《关于加快发展现代职业教育的决定》以来,职业教育领域开展了广泛的混合所有制办学改革探索。实践证明,职业教育混合所有制办学复杂程度高、操作难度大、协调范围广,学界对职业教育混合所有制改革的概念特征、价值、风险、路径达成一定的共识。但实践依然存在办学定位难理清、政策供给不到位、改革成效不明显、社会环境阻力大、校企合作有障碍等突出问题,成效难以达到设计预期。建议现阶段采取支持改革试点、鼓励地方探索,组织专项研究、夯实理论基础,总结基层经验、集成创新政策的推进策略。

Since the State Council issued the"Decision on Accelerating the Development of Modern Vocational Education"in 2014,extensive exploration has been conducted in vocational education on mixed ownership school-running reform.The practice has proved that the mixed ownership school running in voca⁃tional education is complex,difficult to operate,and involves a wide range of coordination.The academic community has reached a consensus on the conceptual features,value,risks,and path of vocational educa⁃tion mixed ownership reform.However,practice still faces key problems such as difficulty in clarifying the school’s position,insufficient policy supply,unclear reform outcomes,significant resistance from the social environment,and obstacles to school-enterprise cooperation,its achievements are difficult to meet the de⁃sign expectations.It is suggested that the current stage should adopt a promotion strategy of supporting re⁃form pilot projects,encouraging local exploration,organizing specialized research,solidifying the theoreti⁃cal foundation,summarizing grassroots experience,and integrating innovative policies.