日本自民党派阀的有限适应性分析--基于政党适应性的理论

A Finite Adaptation Analysis of LDP Factions in Japan:Theory based on the adaptability of political parties

政党适应性,即政党组织应对环境挑战和进行内部调整的能力。这一能力若强,则可以通过政党改革、政党转型等方式实现政党存续,反之政党则会消亡。自民党党内派阀的影响力从20世纪90年代的顶峰跌落,与政治制度、选举制度的改革有着密切关联,自民党通过改革成功延续执政地位与派阀的没落形成鲜明对比。但在考虑外部因素冲击的同时,派阀的组织动力和集团主义的政治文化,成为派阀应对外部冲击的内生动力。因“黑金”丑闻拉开的派阀解散序幕,并不是这一特色制度的真正终曲。

Party adaptability refers to a party organization's capacity to respond to environmental challenges and make internal adjustments.Strong adaptability enables party survival through reforms and transformation,while weak adaptability leads to party extinction.The influence of factions within the Liberal Democratic Party(LDP)has declined from its peak in the 1990s,closely linked to reforms in political and electoral systems.The stark contrast between the LDP's successful continuation in power through reforms and the decline of factions is notable.While external factors have had significant impact,the organizational dynamics of factions and collectivist political culture serve as endogenous drivers in responding to external shocks.The sequence of faction dissolutions triggered by"black money"'scandals does not mark the true end of this distinctive institutional feature.