新型支柱产业:发展新质生产力的主阵地与政策选择

New Pillar Industries:The Primary Platform and Policy Choice for Developing New Quality Productive Forces

在加快发展新质生产力的新时期,新型支柱产业是构筑产业未来发展新赛道新优势的主阵地。经过测算梳理,我国“十五五”期间能够成长为新型支柱产业的有五大产业赛道,即数字技术相关产业赛道,大健康及生命科学领域相关赛道,新材料、新能源等基础支撑性产业赛道,高端装备制造产业赛道,现代生产性服务业赛道。构筑上述新型支柱产业,我国在体制、需求、供给、人才等方面具备比较优势,但同时也面临未来技术不确定性、市场分割抑制规模经济、制度刚性引发产能泡沫化、顶尖人才匮乏导致创新不足、全球产业链供应链脱钩等诸多风险挑战。面向发展新质生产力、构筑我国新时期新型支柱产业,需要着力于向“内”实施主场全球化、向“智”推动产业智能化、向“绿”加快产业绿色化、向“高”促进产业高端化、向“聚”加强产业集群化五大主攻方向以及相对应的五项重点任务,更需要从产业链政策、市场政策、科技政策、人才政策和投融资政策五个方面系统性部署政策举措。

In the context of accelerating the development of new quality productive forces,as the new pillar industries are characterized by a high level of industrial technology,a high degree of industrial relevance,a large stage of industrial scale,a large proportion of industrial market demand,and a strong advantage of industrial international competitivity,they are emerging as a primary platform for constructing future industrial development advantages during China’s“15th Five-Year Plan”period in China.According to the above characterization criteria and considering both internal and external development environments,this paper identifies five major industrial tracks poised to become new pillar industries:digital technology-related industries,health and life sciences,foundational support industries(eg.new materials,new energy),high-end equipment manufacturing,and modern productive services.China possesses four comparative advantages in developing these new pillar industries:the institutional advantage of combining an effective market with a competent government,the demand advantage of a vast market,the supply advantage from established industrial and scientific-technological innovation systems,and the talent advantage from the combination of engineer and entrepreneur dividends.However,China also faces five key challenges:uncertainty of future technologies,market segmentation inhibiting economies of scale,risk of capacity bubbles due to institutional rigidity,insufficient innovation stemming from scarcity of top talent,and risk of decoupling from global industrial and supply chains.To develop these new pillar industries and enhance new quality productive forces,efforts should focus on five main directions:implementing home-market globalization,promoting industrial intelligence,accelerating industrial greening,advancing industrial upgrading,and strengthening industrial agglomeration.Correspondingly,five key tasks require attention:fostering a comprehensive domestic demand system,accelerating digital economy development,promoting green industrial transformation,deepening industrial restructuring,and optimizing industrial spatial layout.To achieve these goals,reforms should be expedited to form a new policy system aligned with developing new quality productive forces and new pillar industries.This system should address industrial chain policy by identifying and addressing bottlenecks across“point,line,surface,and body”dimensions to ensure smooth industrial chain circulation.Market policy should accelerate the construction of a unified national market,leveraging home-market globalization.Science and technology policy should guide production factors towards advanced productive forces and promote innovation commercialization.Talent policy should improve talent cultivation,attraction,and utilization to support new pillar industries.Finally,investment and financing policy should match diverse financial support mechanisms to different types of innovation activities in new pillar industries.