“情境—专长”视角下高技能人才职业能力发展路径研究

Research on the Career Development Path of High Skilled Talents from the Perspective of"Situation Expertise"

推动新质生产力发展需要建立高素质劳动者队伍,加强对大国工匠、高技能人才的职业能力发展研究具有重要意义。研究构建“情境—专长”视角下高技能人才职业能力发展路径理论框架,关联宏观社会性情境、中观工作性情境和微观职业能力要素,采取案例研究法分析《上海工匠》纪录片中的五名制造业大国工匠职业能力发展路径。研究发现,高技能人才职业能力发展路径可总结为基础性、专业性、创新性和开放性四个职业能力期。各阶段基于社会性情境的发展路径分别为:厂办技校为主的中等职业教育、国企改制与高校扩招、国企创新与制造业技术现代化发展以及政策支持与工匠文化倡导;基于工作性情境的发展路径分别为:基于学徒的厂内师徒制、企业主体的职业继续教育、自我内化与创新以及标准输出与团队引领。研究得出,高技能人才职业能力发展路径存在综合性、情境性和阶段性特征,并提出应当以人为本,把握职业能力综合发展本质,坚持以行业企业为主体,职业院校为基础,政府和社会为支持的多元参与培养格局;积极迎势,顺应社会导向和行业发展新要求,提高高技能人才职业能力发展的时代适应性;育训结合,遵循职业能力发展阶段性,打造“三教协同”的高技能人才培养体系。

To promote the development of new quality productive forces,it is necessary to establish a high-quality workforce and strengthen the research on the professional ability development of craftsmen and high skilled talents in major countries,which is of great significance.This study constructs a theoretical framework for the development path of vocational abilities of high skilled talents from the perspective of"situation expertise",linking macro social situations,meso work situations,and micro vocational ability elements.The case study method is adopted to analyze the development path of vocational abilities of five manufacturing countries'craftsmen in the documentary"Shanghai Craftsmen".Research has found that the development path of vocational abilities for high skilled talents can be summarized into four stages:foundational,specialized,innovative,and open-ended.The development paths based on social contexts in each stage are as follows:secondary vocational education dominated by factory run technical schools,state-owned enterprise restructuring and expansion of university enrollment,innovation in state-owned enterprises and modernization of manufacturing technology,as well as policy support and advocacy of craftsmanship culture;The development paths based on the work context are:apprenticeship based in factory apprenticeship system,vocational continuing education for enterprise entities,self-internalization and innovation,and standard output and team leadership.Research has shown that the development path of vocational abilities for high skilled talents has comprehensive,situational,and phased characteristics.It is proposed that the development of vocational abilities should be people-oriented,grasp the essence of comprehensive development of vocational abilities,and adhere to a diversified participation and training pattern with industry enterprises as the main body,vocational colleges as the foundation,and government and society as support;Actively embracing the trend,adapting to the new requirements of social orientation and industry development,and improving the adaptability of high skilled talents'professional abilities to the times;Combining education and training,following the developmental stages of professional abilities,and creating a high skilled talent training system of"three education synergy".