胰腺癌肿瘤疫苗研究现状及展望

Current status and prospects of pancreatic cancer vaccine research

胰腺癌是一种早期症状隐匿、病情进展较快、不易早期诊断且死亡率高的消化系统恶性肿瘤,目前治疗效果不佳,亟待研发出更为有效的治疗手段。作为免疫疗法的方式之一,肿瘤疫苗是一种通过外源性给予肿瘤抗原,刺激患者产生抗肿瘤适应性免疫应答,从而抑制肿瘤生长、诱导肿瘤消退、清除残余病灶的治疗方法。典型的肿瘤疫苗一般配伍能激活树突状细胞的辅助制剂或者树突状细胞本身[1]。肿瘤疫苗在黑色素瘤、肺癌等恶性肿瘤中的研究展现出较好的应用前景,但在胰腺癌的相关研究中未见明显进展。本文就近年来胰腺癌肿瘤疫苗研究现状进行综述,并展望其前景。

Pancreatic cancer is a lethal malignancy in digestive system with obscure early symptoms,rapid progression and hardly early diagnosis.Current treatment is not effective.Therefore,there is an urgent need to develop more effective treatments.As an immunotherapy,cancer vaccine is a treatment in which neoantigens are exogenously given to patients to stimulate antitumor adaptive immune response.Thus,tumor growth could be controlled.Tumor regression could be induced.Residual lesions could be eradicated.Classical cancer vaccines are always combined with adjuvants that activate dendritic cells(DCs)or DCs themselves.The research on tumor vaccines in malignant tumors such as melanoma and lung cancer shows good application prospects.However,relevant researches present little progress in pancreatic cancer.This review summarizes current findings of pancreatic cancer vaccines and makes expectations for its future.