基于中医经典和现代研究探析络脉理论基础及临床应用规律

Exploration on the theoretical basis and clinical application rules of collaterals based on traditional Chinese medicine classics and modern research

络脉是经络理论的重要组成部分,但目前对络脉理论还未开展进一步深入研究。文章通过对络脉古代及现代文献进行分析,从络脉的分类与生理病理特点、络脉的应用原则、络脉的应用方法与技术三个方面进行论述,总结了古今络脉理论的研究现状。笔者认为结合络脉的网状结构及其功能可以更好地认识络脉理论;从阴络/阳络、气络/血络、脏腑络/体络进行络脉分类,对于疾病的诊断和治疗有一定帮助;通过络的病理变化制定“络以通为用”“络病治血”的治络原则;结合治络原则及络脉分类,归纳出病理性血络是络诊的主要对象。现行的应用技术对于络脉均有一定的治疗作用,拔罐、刮痧多作用于皮部阳经之络,可泻热通腑,调气通阳;灸法多作用于阴经之络,可调脏补虚;导引可以增加络脉的蓄积调节功能;刺络放血可用于调血通络,主要针对络脉的瘀积。

Collaterals are an important component of the meridian and collaterals theory,but there has not been a systematic and in-depth study on the diagnosis and treatment of collaterals.This paper analyzes ancient and modern literature on collaterals,and discusses the theoretical foundation,application principles,and clinical application of collaterals from three aspects.It summarizes the current research status of collaterals theory in ancient and modern times.This paper believes that combining the network structure and function of collaterals can better understand the theory of collaterals.Classifying collaterals and meridians into yin and yang collaterals,qi and blood collaterals,and zang-fu collaterals and body collaterals can be helpful for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.By formulating the principles of‘using collaterals to promote circulation’and‘treating collaterals to treat blood stasis’based on the pathological changes of collaterals.Combined with the collateral principle and the classification of collaterals,it is concluded that pathological blood collaterals are the main object of collateral diagnosis.The current application technology has a certain therapeutic effect on the collaterals,cupping and scraping mostly act on the yang collaterals of the skin,it can be used to relax bowels and discharge heat,regulate qi and activities yang,moxibustion is mostly used on the yin collaterals,it can regulate the organs and tonify deficiency,the guidance can increase the accumulation and regulation function of the collaterals,collateral release can be used to regulate blood and collaterals,mainly for the stasis of collaterals.