微生物燃料电池污废水处理及能源化研究进展

Research Progress of Microbial Fuel Cell for Wastewater Treatment and Energization

水环境低碳治理是“碳中和”背景下减污降碳关键领域之一。微生物燃料电池(microbial fuel cell,MFC)能够利用微生物活性氧化分解污废水中的有机物产生电子,减少CO_(2)排放且无二次污染,是“双碳”背景下国际前沿的新型污废水处理技术,为污废水处理及其能源化提供了新思路。此外,MFC可有效地将污废水中的有机物进行去除的同时实现清洁电力的高效转化,是结合环境治理、能源回收与生态良好发展的新型可持续污废水处理技术。文章对MFC近年来处理各领域污废水及其能源化的研究进展进行了综述,基于MFC污废水处理技术现存在的问题,对其系统优化的策略进行了总结,并进一步分析了MFC未来性能优化的方向及能源回收的可行性,试图厘清“双碳”目标下污废水能源化的前进方向,以期为MFC的研发和应用提供有效的科学支撑。最后,提出了MFC具有促进低碳技术发展,推动能源技术转型和提升可再生能源利用效率的优势,对实现“双碳”目标具有重要的积极作用。

One of the major areas for lowering pollution and carbon emissions under the background of"carbon neutrality"is lowcarbon remediation of water environment treatment.Microbial fuel cell(MFC)is a new wastewater treatment technology that can use microbial active oxidation to decompose organic matter in wastewater to produce electrons,reducing CO_(2) emissions and no secondary pollution,providing new ideas for wastewater treatment and its energization.Moreover,MFC can effectively remove organic matter in wastewater and realize efficient transformation of clean electricity at the same time,which is a new sustainable wastewater treatment technology that combines environmental remediation,energy recovery and ecological development.This paper reviews the research progress of wastewater treatment and its energization by MFC in recent years.Based on the existing problems of MFC wastewater treatment technology,the strategies of system optimization are summarized,the performance optimization direction of MFC and the feasibility of energy recovery in the future are further analyzed,and the direction of wastewater energy conversion under the goal of"dual carbon"is attempted to provide effective scientific support for the research and development of MFC application.Finally,it proposes that MFC has the advantages of promoting the development of low-carbon technology,facilitating the transformation of energy technology and improving the utilization efficiency of renewable energy,which has an important positive role in realizing the goal of"dual carbon".