电化学技术在化工废水处理中的研究进展

Progress of Electrochemical Technology in Chemical Wastewater Treatment

随着经济的不断发展和工业化进程的加快,综合化工废水的排放量越来越高,因其复杂的成分和高毒性而对环境构成重大挑战。在各种废水处理方法中,电化学技术是处理化工废水的一项前景广阔但又极具挑战性的废水处理技术。根据反应机理,电化学工艺分为电化学氧化和还原工艺。电化学氧化反应主要用于生成活性氧(例如·OH或O_(2)·^(-))等活性物质来氧化降解污染物;电化学还原反应主要用于生成氢原子来进行还原和脱卤。文章总结分析了电化学氧化和还原工艺降解污染物的机理,概述了电化学技术处理化工废水的研究现状。研究表明,电化学氧化和还原反应降解污染物的设备简单、反应条件温和,可以去除化工废水中难降解的有机物,但能耗通常较高,而且会产生有毒的中间产物。因此,电化学技术需要与其他技术相结合。

With the continuous development of the economy and the acceleration of industrialization,the discharge of integrated chemical wastewater is getting higher and higher,posing a major challenge to the environment because of its complex composition and high toxicity.Among various wastewater treatment methods,electrochemical technology is a promising but challenging wastewater treatment technology for chemical wastewater.Based on the reaction mechanism,electrochemical processes are divided into electrochemical oxidation and reduction processes.Electrochemical oxidation is mainly used to generate reactive oxygen(such as·OH or O_(2)^(·-))and other active substances to oxidize and degrade pollutants;electrochemical reduction reaction is mainly used to generate hydrogen atoms for reduction and dehalogenation.This paper summarizes and analyses the mechanism of pollutant degradation by electrochemical oxidation and reduction processes,and outlines the current status of research on the treatment of chemical wastewater by electrochemical technology.The results show that electrochemical oxidation and reduction reactions for pollutant degradation have simple equipment and mild reaction conditions,and can remove refractory organic matter in comprehensive chemical wastewater,but energy consumption is usually high,and toxic intermediates are produced,so they need to be combined with other technologies.