个人信息处理规则的程序法治

Procedural Rule of Law on Personal Information Processing Rules

法律要求个人信息处理规则通常应获得个人知情同意。但这既不能彰显个人的自治,也不能有效保护个人信息免遭不公。个人信息处理规则的实质法治,面临着立法者的认知负担过大、用法者的操作负担过大和构成家长主义干预的困境,故应转向程序法治。哈贝马斯的商谈程序法治理论之缺陷一是所预设的独立于政治系统并能对其施加制约的公共领域未必存在,二是国家法未必能够穿透系统的壁垒而左右它们的运作。更为可取的是采纳托伊布纳的商谈程序法治理论,将政治和法律系统难以把握的问题,下放到其他社会系统和非官方组织进行自我规制和自我立法,并由国家法严格规范相关的程序和组织。为了落实这种程序法治,应由各行业组织主持制定有法律效力的个人信息处理规则,由公众代表和专业代表参与制定程序并开放公众参与,并由法院保障个人信息处理规则符合国家立法内容、遵守国家法规定的程序规则。

The law requires that personal information processing rules should usually obtain the individual’s informed consent.But this neither demonstrates personal autonomy nor effectively protects personal information from injustice.The substantive rule of law in personal information processing rules is faced with the dilemma of excessive cognitive burden on legislators,excessive operational burden on judges and paternalistic intervention.Therefore,it should shift to procedural rule of law.The flaw in Habermas’theory of the rule of law in the discourse process is that the public sphere,which is assumed to be independent of the political system and capable of imposing constraints on it,may not necessarily exist.And state law may not be able to overcome the barriers of the system and influence its operation.It is more advisable to adopt Teubner’s theory of the rule of law in the discourse process,delegating issues that are difficult to be grasped by the political and legal systems to other social systems and non-governmental organizations for self-regulation and self-legislation,strictly regulated by relevant procedures and organizations in state law.In order to implement this procedural rule of law,various industry organizations should lead the formulation of legally effective personal information processing rules,with the participation of public representatives and professional representatives in the formulation of procedures and open to public participation.The court should ensure that personal information processing rules comply with state legislation and comply with procedural rules stipulated by state law.