南京新济洲国家湿地公园植被类型·区系及多样性研究

Study on Vegetation Type,Flora and Diversity in Xinjizhou National Wetland Park

为研究新济洲国家湿地公园的植被类型、区系组成和物种多样性特征,2020年春季和秋季对湿地公园开展了遥感影像分析和植物野外调查监测。结果表明:湿地公园的植被面积占总面积的87.79%,可分为3个一级植被类型(人工植被、半天然森林、天然草地草滩)和16个二级植被类型;有植物96科270属392种,其中蕨类植物8科8属10种,裸子植物5科7属8种,被子植物83科255属374种,禾本科、菊科和莎草科为优势科。植物区系分析表明,属的地理分布类型有14种,以温带分布和热带分布为主。植被样点监测结果表明,秋季的平均Shannon-Wiener多样性指数显著高于春季,且各监测样点的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数差异显著,而春季、秋季的平均Patrick丰富度指数、Simpson优势度指数和Pielou均匀度指数差异不显著,各监测点表现出相似的变化规律。

In the spring and autumn of 2020,remote sensing image analysis and plant field survey and monitoring were carried out to fully understand the vegetation type,flora,and species diversity characteristics of plant in Xinjizhou national wetland park,Nanjing,China.The results showed that vegetation accounted for 87.79%of the total area.Vegetation can be divided into three primary vegetation types(artificial vegetation,semi-natural forest,natural grassland)and 16 secondary vegetation types.The study demostrated that there were 96 families,270 genera and 392 species.Among them,there existed ferns plants of 8 families,8 genera and 10 species,gymnosperms plants of 5 families,7 genera and 8 species,angiosperms plants of 83 families and 255 genera and 374 species.Poaceae,Asteraceae and Cyperaceae were the dominant families.The geographic distribution of the genera of plants existed 14 distribution types,and they were mainly in a tropical and temperate distribution.Monitoring results of vegetation sampling sites showed that the mean Shannon-Wiener diversity index was significantly higher in autumn than in spring.Among the 24 vegetation sampling sites,the Shannon-Wiener diversity index varied significantly,the mean Patrick richness index,Simpson dominance index and Pielou evenness index did not differ significantly in spring and autumn,and showed a similar trend.