再论集合法益的判断标准

The Re-discussion of the Judgment Criteria for the Collective Legal Benefit

我国刑法学界对如何确定集合法益的保护限度,进而将其与其他法益、非法益客体进行区分,存在很大分歧。集合法益理论是法教义学和法逻辑学(特别是集合概念)、政治哲学(关键是社群主义)、法社会学(尤其是社会系统论)共同形塑的产物。因此,有必要从跨部门法的视域中,提炼出集合法益的判断标准。首先,以集合概念中超个人的主体形象为切入点,将法益主体是否为集合体,作为集合法益的形式判断标准。其次,借鉴社群主义的价值构想并加以修正,将能否促进整体自由发展,作为集合法益的实质判断标准之一。最后,在社会系统论通过自我指涉与结构耦合实现互动的启发下,将是否配置必要且适当的犯罪结构类型,作为集合法益的实质判断标准之二。

The debate in the field of criminal law in China is most intense on how to determine the protection limit of collective legal interests and then distinguish them from other legal interests and object that does not belong to legal interest.The theory of collective legal interests is a product of the joint shaping of legal dogmatics,legal logic(especially the collective concept),political philosophy(especially communitarianism),and legal sociology(especially theory of social systems).Therefore,it is necessary to extract the criteria for determining collective legal interest from the perspective of cross-sectorial law.Firstly,taking the transpersonal subject image in the collective concept as the starting point,whether the subject of legal interest is a collection is used as the formal criteria for judging the collective legal interest.Secondly,drawing on the concept of value of communitarianism and making some revisions,whether it can promote the free development of the whole will be the first substantive criteria for judging collective legal interest.Finally,illuminated by the interaction between self-referential and structural coupling in theory of social systems,whether to allocate necessary and appropriate types of criminal structure will be the second substantive criteria for judging collective legal interest.