个人数据法治体系的“中国式”构建——一种国际比较的视角

The"Chinese Style"Construction of the Legal System of Personal Data--From An International Comparative Perspective

在数字经济时代,个人数据治理逐渐成为各国输出本国法治理念、争夺法治话语权、构建法治话语体系的主要路径。中国个人数据法治体系是凸显中国式法治现代化道路的典型样本。个人数据法治体系的“中国式”现代化主要体现为:法治理念始终以人民利益为本位;以实现安全、保护与发展的平衡为法治目标;遵循三元交叉交融的保护模式;采取公益与私益诉讼相结合的方式对个人数据相关权益采取兜底性保障。不可忽视的是,中国个人数据法治道路仍面临一些障碍,有必要通过国际比较与借鉴,构建分级、分类、分场域评估机制;建构协调、联动、动态的全过程个人数据风险防控机制;完善救济机制,进一步构建起根植中国大地、对接国际法治体系的“中国式”个人数据法治体系。

In the era of digital economy,personal data governance has gradually become the main path for countries to export their own concepts of the rule of law,to compete for the right to speak on rule of law,and to build a legal discourse system.The rule of law system for personal data in China is a typical sample highlighting the modernization of Chinese style rule of law.The"Chinese style"modernization of the legal system of personal data is mainly reflected in that the rule of law concept always takes people’s interests as the standard,with the goal of achieving the balance of security,protection and development for the rule of law,following the protection mode of ternary cross integration,and adopting a combination of public welfare and private interest litigation to protect the rights and interests related to personal data.It should not be ignored that the rule of law for personal data in China still faces some challenges.It is necessary to(1)build a grading,classification and filed evaluation mechanism through international comparison and reference;(2)establish a coordinated,interconnected and dynamic risk prevention and control mechanism for the whole process of personal data;(3)further build a‘Chinese’rule of law system for personal data that is rooted in land of China;(4)actively participate in international rule of law system for personal data.