2011―2023年陕西省急性出血性结膜炎流行特征及空间聚集性分析

Epidemiological characteristics and spatial clustering analysis of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in Shaanxi Province from 2011 to 2023

目的分析2011―2023年陕西省急性出血性结膜炎(acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis,AHC)的变化趋势和流行特征,为制定AHC的预防和控制策略提供依据。方法收集2011―2023年陕西省AHC病例信息,使用Excel 2007和SPSS 18.0软件进行数据整理与统计分析,使用Joinpoint 4.9.1.0软件进行回归分析,使用Geoda 1.6软件进行空间聚集性分析,使用SuperMap软件进行地图绘制。结果2011―2023年陕西省共报告AHC病例14273例,年均发病率为2.89/10万,发病率整体呈下降趋势(AAPC=-12.6%,t=-5.40,P<0.01),病例主要集中在汉中市(41.84%)和咸阳市(19.14%);全省各县(区)均有病例报告,其中发病率较高的5个县(区)为汉台区、宁陕县、勉县、南郑区和略阳县。男女性别比为1.11∶1.00,职业以农民为主,35~<70岁年龄组的发病数较多,且夏秋季为高发期。全局空间自相关分析显示,2011―2018年、2020―2023年均存在显著的空间自相关(P<0.01);局部空间自相关分析共探测到78个“高-高”聚集区域,这些区域主要集中在陕西省南部。结论2011―2023年陕西省AHC发病率整体呈下降趋势,呈现明显的地区聚集性,需在AHC流行季节针对重点地区、重点人群做好宣传与监测工作,防止聚集性疫情的发生。

Objective To investigate the trends and epidemiological characteristics of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis(AHC) in Shaanxi province from 2011 to 2023, with the goal of informing and developing targeted prevention and control strategies. Methods Data on AHC cases reported in Shaanxi Province from 2011 to 2023 were collected and processed for statistical analysis using Excel 2007 and SPSS 18.0. Regression analysis was conducted using Joinpoint 4.9.1.0, spatial clustering analysis with Geoda 1.6, and map visualization with SuperMap. Results A total of 14 273 AHC cases were reported in Shaanxi Province from 2011 to 2023, with an average annual incidence of 2.89/100 000. The overall incidence showed a significant declining trend(AAPC=-12.6%, t=-5.40, P<0.01), with cases predominantly concentrated in Hanzhong Prefecture(41.84%) and Xianyang Prefecture(19.14%). Cases were reported across all counties and districts, with the highest incidences observed in 5 districts or countries, including Hantai District, Ningshan County, Mian County, Nanzheng District and Lueyang County. Farmers made up the majority of the occupational group, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.11 to 1.00. The highest incidence was found in the 35 to 70 years age group, with a peak during the summer and autumn seasons. Global spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed a significant spatial clustering between 2011-2018 and 2020-2023(P<0.01). Local spatial autocorrelation analysis identified a total of 78 "high-high" clusters, predominantly located in southern Shaanxi Province. Conclusions In Shaanxi Province, the incidence of AHC showed a notable decline from 2011 to 2021, with distinct regional clustering patterns. To prevent clustered outbreaks during AHC epidemic seasons, it is crucial to focus public education and surveillance efforts on specific population groups and key areas.