广西壮族自治区接受民政救助结核病患者的流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis patients receiving civil assistance in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

目的分析广西壮族自治区接受民政救助结核病(tuberculosis,TB)的流行病学特征,为TB救助提供参考。方法选取2019―2022年广西壮族自治区登记的TB病例,采用描述性流行病学方法分析接受民政救助TB患者的时间、空间和人群分布特征。应用构成比(%)描述计数资料,χ^(2)、χ^(2)趋势检验和Kruskal-Wallis H检验描述率的差异。结果2019―2022年,广西壮族自治区共报告TB病例145982例,其中接受民政救助的TB患者共18891例(12.94%)。广西壮族自治区接受民政救助TB人群登记率逐年下降(χ^(2)_(趋势)=132.72,P<0.001)。2019―2020年2464例成功摆脱贫困的TB患者中,有48.09%的人通过纳入民政救助保障等脱贫攻坚帮扶措施,在当年实现了脱贫。在接受救助的TB人群中,男性患者数高于女性,平均年龄为(53.4±17.3)岁,86.66%为农民,西部地区接受民政救助登记率最高。从治疗效果看,治疗成功率为85.83%,痰菌阴转率逐年提高(χ^(2)_(趋势)=56.27,P<0.001)。结论随着脱贫攻坚政策的顺利实施,广西壮族自治区需要民政救助的TB患者数逐年减少,但与其他地区相比,广西壮族自治区西部地区TB患者的疾病和经济负担相对较重。农村是TB民政救助的重点关注地区。建议加强卫生健康、医疗保障、民政救助等多部门联动,从经费支持到人文关怀,实现精准帮扶。

Objective This study aims to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis(TB)patients who have received civil assistance in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,and to provide references for the assistance of TB.Methods The registered TB data of Guangxi from 2019 to 2022 were collected.The temporal,spatial,and population distribution characteristics of TB patients which receiving civil assistance were analyzed using descriptive epidemiological methods.The count data was represented by the composition ratio(%),andχ^(2),χ^(2)-trend tests and Kruskal-Wallis H tests were employed to analyze rariations in rates.Results From 2019 to 2022,a total of 145982 TB cases were reported in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,of which 18891 cases(12.94%)received civil assistance.The registration rate of TB patients receiving civil assistance in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region had decreased year by year(χ^(2)_(trend)=132.72,P<0.001).Among the 2464 tuberculosis patients who successfully escaped poverty in the period of 2019-2020,approximately 48.09%of them managed to achieve poverty alleviation within that same year through the implementation of various measures such as civil assistance.Among these patients receiving assistance,the number of male was higher than that of female.The average age of these cases was(53.4±17.3)years,and farmers accounted for 86.66%.The area with highest rate of registration for civil assistance was located in the western of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.In terms of therapeutic effect,the rate of successful treatment was 85.83%among these population,and sputum negative conversion rate had increased over the years(χ^(2)_(trend)=56.3,P<0.001).Conclusions With the successful implementation of the poverty eradication campaign,the number of TB patients in need of civil assistance in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region has been decreasing year by year.However,compared with other regions,the disease and economic burden of tuberculosis patients in western Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region is relatively heavy.The TB patients in rural areas were the priority population needing civil assistance.It is recommended to strengthen the multi-sectoral linkage of health,medical security,civil assistance and other departments,from financial support to humanistic care,to achieve accurate assistance.