沧州市市售动物性水产品中10种元素的污染状况及健康风险评价

Pollution status and health risk assessment of 10 elements in animal aquatic products sold in Cangzhou City

目的了解沧州市市售动物性水产品中10种元素的含量,分析污染状况,评估对人体的潜在健康风险。方法2021—2022年在沧州市16个县区采集贝类、鱼类、甲壳类、头足类共324份样品,采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱仪对样品中锰(manganese,Mn)、铜(copper,Cu)、锌(zinc,Zn)、镉(cadmium,Cd)、镍(nickel,Ni)、铬(chromium,Cr)、砷(arsenic,As)、硒(selenium,Se)、汞(mercury,Hg)、铅(plumbum,Pb)的含量进行检测,用单因子污染指数(single factor pollution index,Pi)和污染指数(metal pollution index,MPI)评价污染水平,采用目标危险系数(target risk factor,THQ)和目标致癌风险(target carcinogenic risk,TR)对人体的健康风险进行评估。结果不同水产品中元素含量不同,甲壳类和贝类存在Cd超标现象,超标率为1.83%;水产品整体污染程度不高,贝类Cu(Pi=0.2)处于轻度污染、甲壳类Cd(Pi=0.856)、As(Pi=0.846)处于中度污染;不同百分位上的数值显示,水产品中大部分元素未存在潜在的健康风险,但儿童和成人在摄入甲壳类的复合健康风险指数(composite health risk index,TTHQ)>1和总致癌风险指数(total cancer risk index,TCR)>104,且儿童的健康风险普遍高于成人。结论沧州市市售甲壳类存在一定的潜在健康风险,As的贡献率最大,相关部门应加大监测力度,保证食品安全。

Objective To understand the content of 10 elements in animal aquatic products sold in Cangzhou City,analyze the pollution status,and evaluate the potential health risk to human body.Methods A total of 324 samples of shellfish,fish,crustaceans and cephalopods were collected from 16 counties in Cangzhou City.The contents of manganese(Mn),copper(Cu),zinc(Zn),cadmium(Cd),nickel(Ni),chromium(Cr),arsenic(As),selenium(Se),mercury(Hg)and lead(Pb)in the samples were detected by microwave digestion and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer.The pollution levels were evaluated by single factor pollution index(Pi)and pollution index(MPI).The target risk factor(THQ)and target carcinogenic risk(TR)were used to assess human health risks.Results The contents of elements in different aquatic products were different.The excess of Cd in crustaceans and shellfish was 1.83%.The overall pollution degree of aquatic products was not high,Cu(Pi=0.2)of shellfish was mildly polluted,Cd(Pi=0.856)and As(Pi=0.846)of crustaceans were moderately polluted.Values at different percentiles showed that most elements in aquatic products do not present potential health risks,but the combined health risk index(TTHQ)>1 of crustacean intake in children and adults and total carcinogenic risk index(TCR)>104,and health risks were generally higher in children than in adults.Conclusion There are some potential health risks of crustaceans sold in Cangzhou City,and the contribution rate of As is the largest.Relevant departments should increase monitoring efforts to ensure food safety.