新疆某医学院校大学生营养KAP现况调查

Survey on current status of nutritional KAP among college students in a medical schools in Xinjiang

目的对新疆某医学院校大学生营养知识、态度、行为进行调查,探讨影响因素,为合理指导学生饮食行为,纠正不良饮食习惯,提高营养知识水平提供科学依据。方法使用自行设计的营养知识-态度-行为(knowledge-attitude-practice,KAP)问卷调查表,于2023年9月采用分层整群抽样方法抽取新疆某医学院校905名在校大学生进行营养知识、态度和行为调查,并对数据进行分析。结果共发放问卷905份,其中女生552名,男生353名,大学生营养知识平均得分为(8.715±1.532)分,营养态度平均得分为(19.461±3.450)分,营养行为平均得分为(25.045±2.638)分,KAP问卷总分为(53.862±5.451)分。单因素分析结果显示,不同性别、年级的调查对象营养KAP问卷总分差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);回归结果显示,性别、年级均是调查对象营养KAP问卷总分的影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论学生有较好的健康饮食意识,营养态度整体较为积极,愿意接受更多的营养知识并改正不良的饮食习惯。应采取多种形式的多媒体化和专业系统营养学课程及讲座宣教,对大学生进行营养知识宣教和饮食行为的指导,形成科学膳食认知结构。

Objective To investigate the nutritional knowledge,attitude and behavior of college students in a medical college in Xinjiang and explore the influencing factors,so as to provide scientific basis for guiding students'dietary behavior reasonably,correcting unhealthy eating habits and improving the level of nutritional knowledge.Methods A total of 905 college students from a medical university in Xinjiang were selected by stratified cluster sampling method from September 15 to 30,2023,and their nutrition knowledge,attitude,and behavior were investigated by a self-designed nutritional knowledge-attitude-practice(KAP)questionnaire,and the data were analyzed.Results A total of 905 questionnaires were distributed,including 552 female students and 353 male students.The average scores of nutrition knowledge,nutrition attitude and nutrition behavior were(8.715±1.532),(19.461±3.450)and(25.045±2.638)points,respectively,and the total score of KAP questionnaire was(53.862±5.451)points.The results of univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the total score of the nutrition KAP questionnaire among survey subjects of different genders and grades(both P<0.05).The regression results showed that gender and grade were both influencing factors on the total score of the nutrition KAP questionnaire for the survey subjects(both P<0.05).Conclusion Students have a good awareness of healthy diet,a generally positive attitude towards nutrition,and are willing to accept more nutrition knowledge and correct unhealthy eating habits.Various forms of multi-media and professional systematic nutrition courses and lectures should be adopted to educate college students on nutrition knowledge and guide their eating behaviors,so as to form a scientific dietary cognitive structure.