世界卫生组织《抗生素生产废水和固体废物管控指南》解读

Interpretation of the WHO Guidance on wastewater and solid waste management for manufacturing of antibiotics

世界卫生组织(WHO)和联合国环境规划署(UNEP)于2024年9月3日正式发布了《抗生素生产废水和固体废物管控指南》(下文简称《指南》)。这是联合国首次针对抗生素生产过程中抗生素污染问题发布的指导性文件,旨在遏制生产过程中环境微生物耐药性的传播。作为《指南》编制专家组成员的2位中国专家长期聚焦制药行业环境耐药性传播机制与管控技术研究,基于相关研究成果承担了《指南》中抗生素生产废水与固体废物处理过程中的环境细菌耐药性管控关键技术与工程范例的编写,使我国制药行业耐药性源头阻断技术走在世界前列。本文将系统介绍该《指南》的制定背景、定位与适用范围、可能产生的影响及WHO的后续行动等,并针对我国制药行业耐药性环境传播管控的行动和可持续发展做出总结和展望。

The World Health Organization(WHO)and the United Nations Environment Programme(UNEP)have jointly published the Guidance on wastewater and solid waste management for manufacturing of antibiotics on 3 September 2024(hereafter referred to as the Guidance).This marks the first time that the United Nations has issued a guiding document specifically addressing antibiotic contamination in the manufacturing process,aiming to curb the spread of environmental antimicrobial resistance(AMR)from antibiotic production.Two Chinese experts,as part of the expert group that contributed to the Guidance,have long been focusing on mechanism and control technologies for environmental AMR transmission in the pharmaceutical industry.Based on their research,they provided key technologies and engineering cases related to AMR control in the treatment of antibiotic production wastewater and solid waste,positioning China’s AMR prevention technologies at the forefront of the global pharmaceutical industry.This study systematically introduces the background,scope,and application of the Guidance,examines its potential impacts,and discusses the WHO's follow-up actions.Additionally,it presents a summary and outlook on the sustainable development of China's pharmaceutical industry in light of these advancements.