开封市241家企业职业病危害现状调查

Investigation on current status of occupational hazards in 241 enterprises in Kaifeng City

目的通过对开封市241家企业开展职业病危害因素现场调查和工作场所职业病危害因素监测,了解开封市企业职业病危害现状,为制定职业病防治措施提供依据。方法于2021年7月至2022年10月采取随机抽样方法,从开封市抽取241家企业进行职业病防治现状调查与工作场所职业病危害因素现场检测。结果241家企业负责人培训率为52.28%,职业卫生管理人员培训率为48.13%,接触职业病危害劳动者培训率为53.25%。不同规模和行业间企业负责人培训率、企业职业卫生管理人员培训率和接触职业病危害劳动者培训率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),大中型企业负责人培训率、职业卫生管理人员培训率和接触职业病危害劳动者培训率均高于小微企业。241家企业职业病危害项目申报率为90.46%,上一年度职业健康检查开展率为15.77%,上一年度职业病危害因素检测开展率为20.33%。煤尘、矽尘、水泥粉尘和电焊烟尘浓度场所检测和岗位检测超标率差异有统计学意义(P=0.002),水泥粉尘和矽尘浓度场所超标率和岗位超标率较高,分别为17.65%、11.76%和22.80%、38.46%。使用有机溶剂企业各毒物场所超标率和岗位超标率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),1,2二氯乙烷和苯的场所检测超标率和岗位超标率较高,分别为14.33%、14.69%和2.50%、2.78%。241家企业共检测950个噪声作业场所,超标率为17.89%,874个噪声作业岗位超标率为8.35%;不同行业间噪声场所超标率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),家具制造业噪声场所超标率较高,为30.77%。结论开封市企业的职业卫生状况不容乐观,应加大监督力度,加强职业卫生培训,开展职业病危害因素检测和职业健康检查工作,以减少职业病的发生。

Objective To understand the current status of occupational hazards in enterprises in Kaifeng city,and to provide a basis for formulating occupational disease prevention and control measures.Methods From July 2021 to October 2022,a random sampling method was adopted to choose 241 enterprises from the city for occupational disease prevention and control status investigation and on-site detection of occupational hazards in the workplace.Results Among the 241 enterprises,the training rate for enterprise leaders was 52.28%,the training rate for occupational health management personnel was 48.13%,and the training rate for workers exposed to occupational hazards was 53.25%,with significant differences(P<0.01)among enterprises of different scales and industries.The training rates for leaders,occupational health management personnel,and workers exposed to occupational hazards in large and medium-sized enterprises were higher than those in small and micro enterprises.The application rate for occupational hazard projects in 241 enterprises was 90.46%.The implementation rate of occupational health examinations in the previous year was 15.77%,and the implementation rate of occupational hazard factors test in the previous year was 20.33%.There was a significant difference in the exceeding rate of coal dust,silicon dust,cement dust,and welding smoke dust concentration detected in places and positions(P<0.01).The exceeding rate of cement dust and silica dust concentration in places and positions was relatively high,with rates of 17.65%,11.76%,22.80%and 38.46%respectively.There was a statistically significant difference(P<0.01)in the exceeding rate and post exceeding rate of toxic substances in various workplaces using organic solvents.The detection and job exceeding rates of 1,2-dichloroethane and benzene in the workplace are relatively high,at 14.33%,14.69%,and 2.50%,2.78%respectively.241 enterprises tested a total of 950 noise workplaces,with an exceeding rate of 17.89%.The exceeding rate of 874 noise workplaces was 8.35%.There was a statistically significant difference in the exceeding rate of noise workplaces among different industries(P<0.01),The noise exceeding rate in the furniture manufacturing industry was relatively high,at 30.77%.Conclusion The occupational health status of enterprises in Kaifeng City is not optimistic.It should be strengthened that occupational health training,occupational hazard factors monitoring and occupational health examinations.