山羊肠道微生物群发育与多样性分析

Development and diversity of the intestinal microbiota of goat

为了解山羊肠道微生物群成员的多样性及其发育规律,从江苏2个不同山羊养殖场随机选择2只山羊,分别在1、3、5、10、20、30、40、45、50、60、70、80和90日龄时采集新鲜粪便样品,并采用宏基因组测序对所有样品进行分析。结果表明:山羊肠道微生物群的成员和丰度随日龄增长而不断变化,并受哺乳和采食的影响。其中,40日龄哺乳期山羊的肠道微生物有600余种,90日龄断奶山羊肠道微生物群最终稳定在1500种左右。在80多种核心成员中,脆弱拟杆菌、大肠埃希菌和丁酸球菌是哺乳羔羊肠道中的优势细菌,而栖瘤胃普雷沃菌和厚壁菌在断奶山羊肠道细菌群中占主导地位。值得注意的是宋内志贺菌、鲍氏志贺菌、福氏志贺菌、痢疾志贺菌、肠道沙门菌、邦戈里沙门菌、梭状芽孢杆菌、格氏乳球菌和幽门螺杆菌等人兽共患细菌也可在山羊中检测到,这提示山羊可能是这些微生物的宿主。

To understand the development and diversity of the gut microbial community,two goats were random selected from different goat farms in Jiangsu Province,China.Fecal specimens of each goat were sampled in 1,3,5,10,20,30,40,45,50,60,70,80 and 90 days of age.All the samples were analyzed by metagenomic sequencing,and the results indicated that the member and abundance of the goat gut microbiota was varies constantly with the goat age and influenced by sucking and feeding.The gut microbiota of 40-days old lactating goats finally stabilized at about 600 species,and the 90-days old weaned goat intestinal bacterial population finally stabilized at around 1500 species.Among the more than 80 core members,Bacteroides fragilis,Escherichia coli and Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum were the dominant bacteria in the gut of lactating lambs,while Prevotella ruminicola and Firmicutes bacterium were the dominant bacteria of weaned goat intestinal bacterial population.It was very noteworthy that some zoonotic bacteria,such as Shigella sonnei,Shigella boydii,Shigella flexneri,Shigella dysenteriae,Salmonella enterica,Salmonella bongori,Clostridiales bacterium,Lactococcus garvieae and Helicobacter pylori,etc.were detected in goats,and this leads us to wonder if goats are the reservoirs of these microbes.