钱穆对张载“太虚”观的解读

Qian Mu’s Interpretation of Zhang Zai’s Concept of “Taixu”

“太虚”是张载关学中的一个核心范畴、关键范畴,也是争议最多的范畴。钱穆概括关学为“长精思,重力践”,认为张载是“粹然一儒者”。他对张载“太虚”观念主要从幽、常、本体、全体、主体等角度加以解读。钱穆基于“虚”“气”不二的根本性认识,认为“气”(包括气化以下)是从部分着眼,为一偏,为一客;“虚”是从整体着眼,为一全,为一主,为学界整合以“太虚”为“清通之气”或“形上本体”等不同见解提供了新思路。

“Taixu”is a core and key category in ZhangZai’s Guanzhong School and also the most controversial one.Qian Mu summarized the Guanzhong School thought as“specializing in profound thinking and emphasizing practical actions”,and he believes that Zhang Zai was a total Confucian scholar.He interpreted ZhangZai’s concept mainly from the perspectives of Tranguility,Constancy,Noumenon,the Whole and Subject.Based on the basic understanding of“Xu”and“Qi”,Zhang Zai believes that“Qi”(including the forming and changing of“Qi”)is a partial and objective concept while“Xu”is a subjective concept as a whole from the whole point of view.This point of view provides a new way for the academic community to integrate the opinion of“taking‘Taixu’as just and honorable‘Qi’”and“taking‘Taixu’as metaphysical noumenon”.