利于磨削加工的W18Cr4V激光熔覆工艺参数研究

Research on Process Parameters of W18Cr4V Laser Cladding for Grinding

在制备W18Cr4V熔覆层的过程中,由于激光的瞬时能量极高,导致W18Cr4V熔覆层存在孔洞、未熔颗粒与裂纹等缺陷,限制了激光熔覆技术在生产加工中的大规模应用。为了探究适合磨削的W18Cr4V熔覆层,设计4因素4水平的正交试验,以熔覆效率、高宽比和磨削后表面粗糙度作为熔覆层的性能表征指标,开展激光熔覆工艺研究。通过正交实验法获得熔覆层的性能数据,利用信噪比方法对熔覆层的性能数据进行处理;随后采用极差分析法观察激光熔覆工艺参数对熔覆层性能指标的影响主次,并对影响程度最大的因素进行分析;最后用灰色关联分析将3个性能指标转化为单一的灰色关联度进行优化。结果表明,在激光功率为1900 W,扫描速度为8 mm/s,气流量为10 L/min,离焦量为9 mm的熔覆工艺参数下,熔覆层获得较好的综合性能,其中熔覆效率为15.613 mm^(3)/s,高宽比为0.641,表面粗糙度为0.734μm。

During the preparation of W18Cr4V cladding layers,laser-induced defects such as holes,unfused particles,and cracks can hinder the extensive application of laser cladding technology in manufacturing and processing.This study aims to identify optimal parameters for W18Cr4V cladding suitable for grinding by conducting an orthogonal experiment with four factors at four levels.The cladding efficiency,aspect ratio and surface roughness after grinding were used as the performance characterization indexes of the cladding layer to study the laser cladding technology.The performance data of cladding layer were obtained by orthogonal experiment method,and the signal-to-noise ratio method was used to process the performance data.Then range analysis method was used to observe the main and secondary effects of laser cladding process parameters on the properties of the cladding layer,and analyze the most influential factors.Finally,the three performance indicators are transformed into a single grey correlation degree by grey correlation analysis for optimization.The results show that optimal comprehensive performance is achieved with laser power set at 1900 W,scanning speed at 8 mm/s,gas flow at 10 L/min,and defocus at 9 mm,yielding a cladding efficiency of 15.613 mm^(3)/s,an aspect ratio of 0.641,and a surface roughness of 0.734μm.