基于红外相机技术的阿尔金山保护区祁曼塔格山兽类和鸟类多样性监测的初步研究

A preliminary survey of mammals and birds diversity based on camera trapping in Qimantag Mountain of Altun Mountain National Nature Reserve,Xinjiang

为了解新疆阿尔金山国家级自然保护区野生动物基本情况,于2021年1月至2022年1月和2022年12月至2024年1月,在保护区东北部的祁曼塔格山采用红外相机技术开展野生动物资源调查。调查期间,红外相机累计工作17529个有效相机日,拍摄到7237张野生动物有效独立照片。结果表明:(1)拍摄到6045张野生兽类有效独立照片,鉴定出5目8科19种野生兽类,ShannonWiener多样性指数为3.05,Pielou均匀度指数为0.71;相对多度指数(R_(AI))排名前5的野生兽类物种依次为藏野驴(Equus kiang,R_(AI)=85.85)、灰尾兔(Lepus oiostolus,R_(AI)=82.26)、岩羊(Pseudois nayaur,R_(AI)=44.04)、野牦牛(Bos mutus,R_(AI)=35.26)和狼(Canis lupus,R_(AI)=26.41)。(2)拍摄到1182张野生鸟类有效独立照片,鉴定出10目21科50种野生鸟类,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为4.31,Pielou均匀度指数为0.76;排名前5的野生鸟类物种依次是暗腹雪鸡(Tetraogallus himalayensis,R_(AI)=9.81)、漠䳭(Oenanthe deserti,R_(AI)=8.04)、红嘴山鸦(Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax,R_(AI)=7.25)、黑颈鹤(Grus nigricollis,R_(AI)=6.33)和角百灵(Eremophila alpestris,R_(AI)=5.42)。(3)国家Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物分别为11种和18种;《中国生物多样性红色名录》列为濒危物种6种,易危7种,近危13种;石貂(Meles fonia)、豺(Cuon alpinus)、白翅百灵(Alauda leucoptera)和乌鸫(Turdus mandarinus)为阿尔金山保护区新增记录。(4)日活动节律表明,岩羊、野牦牛和狼为昼行性动物,灰尾兔为偏夜行性动物,藏野驴则为昼夜兼性动物。研究结果为创建昆仑山国家公园和野生动物资源监测提供基础数据,也为加强阿尔金山保护区的保护与管理提供科学依据。

From January 2021 to January 2022 and from December 2022 to January 2024,we conducted a camera-trap survey to investigate wildlife resources in the Qimantag Mountain,located northeast of the Altun Mountain National Nature Reserve,Xinjiang,China.Over the course of 17529 camera-trap days,we obtained 7237 independent detections.The results indicated the following:(1)We recorded 6045 independent detections of mammals,identifying 19 species across five orders and eight families.The Shannon-Wiener and Pielou evenness indices for the mammal community were 3.05 and 0.71,respectively.Based on the relative abundance index(R_(AI)),the five most abundant mammal species were Equus kiang(85.85),Lepus oiostolus(82.26),Pseudois nayaur(44.04),Bos mutus(35.26),and Canis lupus(26.41).(2)We recorded 1182 independent detections of birds,identifying 50 species from 10 orders and 21 families.The Shannon-Wiener and Pielou evenness indices for the bird community were 4.31 and 0.76,respectively.The five most abundant bird species were Tetraogallus himalayensis(9.81),Oenanthe deserti(8.04),Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocarax(7.25),Grus nigricollis(6.33),and Eremophila alpestris(5.42).(3)Among the detected species,11 are listed as ClassⅠstate key protected wildlife,and 18 as ClassⅡ,in China.Six species are classified as endangered,seven as vulnerable,and 13 as near threatened according to the Red List of China’s Vertebrates.Additionally,four species:Cuon alpinus,Meles fonia,Turdus mandarinus,and Alauda leucoptera were new records for the Altun Mountain Reserve.(4)The activity patterns of Pseudois nayaur,Bos mutus,and Canis lupus were predominantly diurnal,while Lepus oiostolus was more nocturnal,and Equus kiang exhibited both diurnal and nocturnal activity.These findings provide a baseline for wildlife resources in the Altun Mountain Reserve and offer fundamental data for the creation of Kunlun Mountain National Park and for longterm wildlife monitoring in the region.