课后服务的多元属性及经费的差异化供给

The Multiple Attributes of After-School Services and Their Differentiated Funding

课后服务类型的多样性、供给对象的多元化以及产品属性认知的模糊性,导致在“全覆盖、高质量”的目标追求之下经费供给缺乏有效保障。课后服务具有多元属性:基础服务和补偿服务具备地方性纯公共产品特征,个性化服务则属于地方性准公共产品。目前,课后服务经费供给主要包括政府包干模式、家长主责模式和政府主责模式。占主流地位的是后两者,属于成本分担模式的不同表现形式。服务对象的复杂性、服务类型的多样性以及各地财政实力的差异性决定了经费应采用差异化的供给方式。基础服务和补偿服务应最大程度地实现全员免费,个性化服务应在政府补助基础上遵循“谁需求,谁付费”的原则。最终,应建立“家长主责、政府兜底、社会支持”的多方共担的经费供给模式。

The diversity of after-school service types,the diversity of supply objects,and the ambiguity of product attribute cognition have led to a lack of effective guarantee for funding supply under the pursuit of the goal of“full coverage and high quality”.After-school services have multiple attributes:basic services and compensatory services have the characteristics of local pure public products,and personalized services belong to local quasi-public products.At present,the funding supply of after-school services mainly includes the government package model,the parent-responsible model,and the government-responsible model.The latter two are the mainstream,which are different manifestations of the cost-sharing model.The complexity of service objects,the diversity of service types,and the differences in local fiscal strength determine that funding should be provided in a differentiated manner.Basic services and“compensatory”services should be free for all to the greatest extent possible,and personalized services should follow the principle of“who needs,who pays”based on government subsidies.A multi-party shared funding supply model of“government guarantee,limited payment by parents,and social support”can be established.