当代教育科学自然主义转向的缘起逻辑、生发范畴与价值意蕴——基于方法论的视角

The Origin Logic,Generative Category and Value Implication of the Naturalism Turn of Contemporary Educational Science——Based on the Methodological Perspective

当代教育科学自然主义转向的缘起在于,多种类的自然科学方法在科研领域的广泛运用对人文科学产生的积极影响、多样化的定量分析为教育科学自然主义转向提供的工具支撑、多元化的大数据为教育科学自然主义转向提供的技术支持等三个方面。这种转向推动了教育科学在哲学问题求解模式上的变革,促进了对教育科学知识科学性的辩护,强化了教育科学与认知科学的不断融合。然而,人类的教育思维模式与教育行为实践是一个复杂的动态系统,自然主义方法依然具有一定限度,在具体运用过程中,我们应注意不能忽略相关变量在客观性与主观性之间的平衡问题、理论建构与方法驱动之间的张力问题以及不确定性与风险性之间的控制问题。未来的教育科学需要建构从思辨到逻辑、从经验到理论、从观察到实验的一整套的系统论证方法,真正夯实自身的“科学”地位。

The origin of the naturalistic turn in contemporary educational science lies in the positive impact of the wide application of various natural science methods in the field of scientific research on the humanities,the tool support provided by diversified quantitative analysis for the turn of naturalism in educational science,and the technical support provided by diversified big data for the turn of naturalism in educational science.This turn has promoted the transformation of educational science in the mode of solving philosophical problems,promoted the defense of the scientific nature of educational science knowledge,and strengthened the continuous integration of educational science and cognitive science.However,human educational thinking patterns and educational behavior practices are a complex dynamic system,and the naturalistic method still has certain limitations.In the specific application process,attention should be paid to the balance between objectivity and subjectivity of relevant variables,the tension between theoretical construction and method drive,and the control between uncertainty and risk.The future educational science needs to construct a whole set of systematic argumentation methods from speculation to logic,from experience to theory,and from observation to experiment,so as to truly consolidate its“scientific”status.