复杂适应系统视角下乡村空间演变特征与影响机制——以苏州市叶山岛村为例

Characteristics and Impact Mechanisms of Rural Spatial Evolution from the Perspective of Complex Adaptive System:A Case Study of Yeshan Island in Suzhou

推动乡村空间系统性重构对实现城乡要素合理流动和乡村多元转型发展至关重要。基于复杂适应系统理论,以苏州市叶山岛村为样本,构建从微观主体适应性行为到宏观系统积木块拆封的研究框架,深入剖析城镇化过程中乡村空间的演变特征与影响机制。研究表明:(1)叶山岛历经初变、剧变、徘徊、转向四个阶段,生活空间向阶层分异转变,生产空间向单一产业转型,生态空间向割裂衰退转化;(2)叶山岛空间演变过程涌现出子系统间的协同作用退化,联系中介的引导效应减弱,空间与行为互动模式的组织紊乱等深层次机制;(3)新时期乡村空间重构应转向复杂系统论,利用乡村空间系统中的结构、标识、模式机制探索科学、有效的乡村重构策略。

In the context of a new era of urban-rural relations,promoting the systematic restructuring of rural space to achieve the reasonable flow of urban and rural elements and the diversified transformation and development of rural areas is the necessary path to promote urban-rural integration and rural revitalization.Based on the perspective of complex adaptive system theory,this paper takes the village of Yeshan Island in Jinting Town of Suzhou City,as a sample,and constructs a research framework from the adaptive behavior of micro subjects to the deconstruction of macro system blocks,to analyze in depth the characteristics of rural spatial evolution and the influence mechanism in the process of urbanization.It has been shown through research that:1)Yeshan Island has gone through a complex evolutionary process of initial change,drastic change,wandering and turning step.2)The rural spatial system of Yeshan Island can be deconstructed into four subsystems,including spatial development,government planning,industrial economy,and rural society.3)The reconstruction of rural space in the new period should shift from a single spatial theory to a complex system theory,and explore scientific and effective rural reconstruction strategies by utilizing the structure,marking,and pattern mechanisms in the rural spatial system.