N6-甲基腺苷修饰和circRNA调控家禽卵泡发育的研究进展

Research of m^(6)A Modification and circRNA Regulation of Follicle Development in Poultry

家禽卵泡发育受多种因素调控,卵泡的发育直接决定个体的产蛋性能和经济价值,因此了解家禽卵泡发育相关的调控机制具有重要经济价值和研究意义。在真核生物中N6-甲基腺苷(N6-Methyladenosine,m^(6)A)修饰广泛地作用于RNA,此过程受m^(6)A甲基化转移酶、结合酶和去甲基化酶的调控参与多种生理、病理过程。环状RNA(circular RNA,circRNA)由前体mRNA(Pre-mRNA)剪接产生,其功能和代谢受m^(6)A调控。circRNA可充当小分子RNA(Micro RNA,miRNA)海绵、作为模版翻译多肽以及调控胞内转运,m^(6)A修饰的circRNA可参与真核生物细胞内的多种调控,如癌细胞的转移、细胞凋亡等。已有研究表明,circRNA对家禽卵泡发育具有重要调控作用,同时m^(6)A修饰及其相关多种酶也被证明参与家禽卵泡发育的调控。本文主要综述了m^(6)A、circRNA对家禽卵泡发育的影响,以及二者联合调控卵泡发育的研究进展,以期为进一步解析m^(6)A甲基化修饰和circRNA在家禽卵泡发育过程中的作用提供理论依据。

The development of poultry follicles is regulated by various factors,and the development of follicles directly determines an individual's egg production performance and economic value.Therefore,understanding the relevant regulation of poultry follicular development has important economic and research significance.N6-Methyladenosine modification widely acts on RNA in eukaryotes,and this process is regulated by m^(6)A methyltransferases,binding enzymes and demethylases which are participating in various physiological and pathological processes.CircRNA can act as a small molecule RNA sponge,serve as a template for translating peptides,and regulate intracellular transport.M6A modified circRNAs can participate in various regulatory processes within eukaryotic cells,such as cancer cell metastasis and apoptosis.Previous studies have shown that circRNA plays an important regulatory role in the development of poultry follicles.Meanwhile,m^(6)A modification and its related enzymes have also been shown to be involved in the regulation of poultry follicular development.This paper mainly reviews the effects of m^(6)A and circRNA on the development of poultry follicles,research progress on the joint regulation of follicle development by m^(6)A and circRNA.The purpose is to provide a theoretical basis for further elucidating the roles of m^(6)A methylation modification and circRNA in the development of poultry follicles.