阿旺罗桑嘉措自传《云裳》叙事时间研究

A Study of Narrative Time in the Autobiography of ngag dbang blo bzang rgya mtsho

阿旺罗桑嘉措(1617—1682)是一位对西藏政教及文化有着巨大贡献的历史名人,他的自传《云裳》中记载着很多当时的藏族政教文化现象及藏汉蒙三族的重大历史事件。国内外很多学者在研究其传记时通常把人物的历史性和传记内容作为重点进行探讨,对其文学性质和艺术特征则关注寥寥。然而,阿旺罗桑嘉措不仅是知识渊博的特殊人物,而且还擅于钻研哲学、历史、文化等很多学科领域,并在文学审美和创作、研究方面颇具天赋,成为藏族文学史上名副其实的领军诗人和具有代表性的文学家,故其著作必有鲜明的文学性和艺术性。此传记自始至终以第一人称进行叙述并由他本人创作,文本的故事情节、句子结构、创作视角和叙事时间等都能呈现出其不同寻常的创作个性(personality in composition)。单从故事时间与文本时间相互对照比较而成的叙事时间层面分析,文本整体运用了顺时序、倒叙、交错的叙事时序(order),省略、概述、等述、扩述、静述的叙事时长(duration),还有单一叙述、概括叙述、多重叙述的叙事频率(frequency)等丰富的叙事时间形态。这些时间的张力操纵和空间处理对自传形式与内容产生了一定影响,也是因为阿旺罗桑嘉措个人的语言风格与这些叙事时间的结构形式才形成了具有其特性的叙事话语和经典之作。

ngag dbang blo bzang rgya mtsho(1617-1682)was a famous historical figure who made great contributions to Tibetan politics,religion and culture,and that’s why many Tibetan political,religious and cultural phenomena and important historical events at that time are recorded in his autobiography.Therefore,when studying his biography,many domestic and foreign scholars usually focus on the historicity of the character and biographical content,and the literary and artistic characteristics are rarely analyzed.However,since ngag dbang blo bzang rgya mtsho was also a veritable Tibetan litterateur and poet,his works must be imbued with literary and artistic quality.Because this biography is narrated in the first person from beginning to end and written by himself,the story line,sentence structure,creative perspective and narrative time of the text all reveal his unusual personality in composition.From the perspective of narrative time,the whole text uses rich forms of narrative time including the chronology,flashback,stagger of narrative time order;the ellipsis,acceleration,equivalent,deceleration,pause of narrative duration;and the single,summary,multilaminate narration of narrative frequency.These tension manipulation and spatial processing of narrative time have certain impact on the forms and contents of the autobiography,and just because of ngag dbang blo bzang rgya mtsho’s personal language style and these structural forms of narrative time that the narrative discourse and text with its own characteristics are formed.