2012-2022年湘西州流行性腮腺炎流行病学特征及影响因素分析

Epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of mumps in Xiangxi prefecture from 2012 to 2022

目的分析2012-2022年湘西土家族苗族自治州(简称湘西州)流行性腮腺炎流行病学特征及影响因素,为流行性腮腺炎防控提供参考依据。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集2012-2022年湘西州流行性腮腺炎病例,采用描述性流行病学进行分析。结果2012-2022年湘西州共报告流行性腮腺炎病例10035例,年均发病率为35.21/10万,波动在9.62/10万~143.47/10万(χ^(2)_(趋势)=14.703,P<0.05)。8县市均有病例发生,其中吉首市年平均发病率最高为56.04/10万,保靖县最低为16.07/10万,县市间差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=160.618,P<0.05)。季节性特征明显,呈主峰夏季(4月-7月)与次峰冬季(11月-次年1月)的双峰分布;男女性别比为1.48∶1;学生和托幼儿童为高发人群占82.18%,以5~<10岁组最高;<15岁病例中接种含流行性腮腺炎成分疫苗(MuCV)免疫史无或不详占78.77%;湘西州2013-2020年出生儿童MuCV接种率为85.34%,2剂次MuCV接种率从25.43%(2013年出生儿童)上升到82.14%(2020年出生儿童)。结论2012-2022年湘西州流行性腮腺炎疫情呈波动状态,维持在较低水平,儿童和青少年为高发人群,低MuCV接种率是导致传染病流行的重要原因,学校/托幼机构是流行性腮腺炎疫情防控的主要场所。应提高传染病监测质量,重点加强学校/托幼机构的传染病监测,提高2剂次MuCV接种率。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of mumps in Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture(hereinafter referred to as Xiangxi prefecture)from 2012 to 2022,and provide reference for mumps prevention and control.Methods Mumps cases were collected in Xiangxi prefecture from 2012 to 2022 through the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System,and were analyzed using descriptive epidemiology.Results A total of 10035 cases of mumps were reported in Xiangxi prefecture from 2012 to 2022,with an annual average incidence rate of 35.21/100000,ranging from 9.62/100000 to 143.47/100000(χ^(2)_(trend)=14.703,P<0.05).Cases occurred in all 8 counties and cities,among which the highest average annual incidence rate in Jishou city was 56.04/100000,and the lowest incidence rate in Baojing county was 16.07/100000(χ^(2)=160.618,P<0.05).The seasonal characteristics were obvious,showing a bimodal distribution of the main peak in summer(April to July)and the secondary peak in winter(November to January of the following year).The male to female ratio was 1.48∶1;Students and preschool children account for 82.18%of the high-risk population,with the highest incidence occurring in the 5-<10 years old group,78.77%of<15 years old cases have no or unknown history of mumps containing vaccine(MuCV)immunity.The MuCV vaccination rate for children born in Xiangxi prefecture from 2013 to 2020 was 85.34%.and the two-dose MuCV vaccination rate increased from 25.43%(children born in 2013)to 82.14%(children born in 2020).Conclusions The mumps epidemic in Xiangxi prefecture was fluctuating from 2012 to 2022 and was currently maintained at a relatively low level.Children and adolescents were the highrisk population,and the low MuCV vaccination rate was an important reason for the spread of infectious diseases.Schools/daycare institutions were the main places for mumps epidemic prevention and control.The quality of infectious disease monitoring should be improved,with a focus on strengthening infectious disease monitoring in schools/daycare institutions,and increasing the vaccination rate of two-dose of MuCV.