清初“三月十九日”诗的艺术特质

The Artistic Characteristics of“March 19th Poems”in the Early Qing Dynasty

在清初遗民诗界,以“三月十九日”这个敏感的明亡忌日为题的诗歌创作逐渐形成了惯例,这是明清之际诗歌史上一个重要的文学现象。这些作品是遗民们不同年度的同题之作,体式上以律诗、组诗见长,呈现出幽怨沉郁的格调。同时,这些诗作内容丰富,表达了易代后诗人复杂痛苦的矛盾心情和内心感受,既深化、开拓了同题类诗歌的题材内容,又在创作上表现出多方面的特质,丰富了传统诗歌创作的艺术手法。

In the poetry circle of the adherents of the Ming Dynasty,it had gradually become a practice to write poems with the title of“March 19th(namely on this day of the lunar calendar every year)”,a sensitive date of the demise of the Ming Dynasty.The creation of“March 19th Poems”was an important literary phenomenon in the history of Ming and Qing poetry.These poems with the style of verse and group poems showing a gloomy mood were the same title works of the adherents in different years.In the meantime,these poems are rich in contents,expressing the poets'complex and painful feelings after the change of dynasty.Naturally,these works not only deepen and expand the subject matter of the same kind of poems,but also present various characteristics in creation and enrich the artistic techniques of Chinese classical poetry creation.