百年双语与认知关系研究:从一般智力到执行功能

A Hundred Years of Studies on the Relationship Between Bilingualism and Cognition:From General Intelligence to Executive Functions

围绕双语与智力、双语与执行功能两个关系,双语与认知研究已历百年,先后形成“优势说”“缺陷说”和“中性说”三种观点。文章对不同时期的学术背景、重要发现、理论观点、存在问题进行了深入剖析,提出未来研究应该跳出双语优势窠臼,探究双语在哪些方面、何种程度上影响人类心智活动,重点关注概念界定、理论整合及研究方法等问题,深化我们对双语与认知关系的理解。

The studies on the relationship between bilingualism and cognition can be traced back to a hundred years ago.A review of the previous studies shows that the research revolves around two relationships,i.e.the relationships between bilingualism and intelligence,between bilingualism and executive functions.The hundred years'study gave rise to three conflicting viewpoints(i.e.additive,detrimental,and neural)at the different periods of research.The article attempts an in-depth analysis of the research background,major findings,theoretical explanations,and controversial issues.It suggests that future studies go beyond the debate of bilingual(dis)advantages and engage researchers to locate what aspects and to what degree bilingualism has impact upon human mental activities,with its focus upon concept reconceptualization,theory integration and mythological improvements in the hope that our understanding to the relationship between language and cognition can be enhanced.