藏语安多方言元音的声学和电声门图研究

Acoustic and Electroglottography Study of Vowels in Tibetan Amdo Dialect

发音过程中不同元音的声道形状或大小会影响喉部结构之间的位置和功能,从而改变声带的接触和振动。以往有关元音嗓音特征的研究结论并不一致。因此,本文旨在利用电声门图(EGG)探究不同元音的声道变化对喉部嗓音特征的影响,以及性别之间存在的差异。以20名藏语安多方言母语者为对象,同步记录了/a/、/e/、/o/、/i/、/u/这5个元音的声学及声门信号,声学信号测量声学参数F1和F2,声门信号测量基频(F0)、接触商(CQ)和基频微扰(Jitter)。结果表明,藏语安多方言中元音的嗓音特征与舌位高低显著相关,舌位高度与F0、CQ呈正相关,与Jitter呈负相关,而舌位前后与嗓音特征之间无显著相关。另外,中高元音的CQ显著高于低元音/a/,说明/a/在发音时呼吸性增多,这可能是因为元音/a/保留了古藏语中稍带鼻音的特征,从而导致的CQ降低。这些对元音的发声机制研究有一定的理论意义和参考价值。

The shape or size of the vocal tract of different vowels during articulation affects the position and function between laryngeal structures,thereby altering the contact and vibration of the vocal cords.Previous studies on the laryngeal characteristics of vowels have drawn inconsistent conclusions.Therefore,the purpose of this study is to explore the influence of vocal tract changes of different vowels on laryngeal voice characteristics and the differences between genders using electroglottography(EGG).The acoustic and glottic signals of the five vowels/a/,/e/,/o/,/i/and/u/were recorded synchronously in 20 native speakers of Amdo dialect.The acoustic signals were measured by acoustic parameters F1 and F2,and the glottic signals were measured by F0,CQ and Jitter.The results showed that the vowel features in Amdo dialect were significantly correlated with tongue position,the height of tongue position was positively correlated with F0 and CQ,and negatively correlated with Jitter,while there was no significant correlation between tongue position and voice features.In addition,the CQ of the middle and high vowels is significantly higher than that of the low vowel/a/,indicating that/a/is more breathable when pronounced,which may be because the vowel/a/retains the slightly nasally characteristic of the ancient Tibetan language,resulting in a decrease in CQ.These have some theoretical significance and reference value for the study of vowel production mechanism.