2001—2021年福建省生态健康状况变化分析与评估

Analysis and evaluation of changes in ecological health status in Fujian Province from 2001 to 2021

福建省作为首个生态文明先行示范区和生态文明试验区,对其进行生态健康评价有助于生态文明进程的推进。目前,在生态健康评价领域中如何构建合理的指标体系及如何客观筛选出符合研究区的重要评价指标,是决定生态健康评价结果的关键问题。本文以压力-状态-响应(PSR)框架和生态等级网络框架(EHN)为基础,结合基于目标优化理论的网状指标定量化筛选模型,计算了福建省2001—2021年的生态健康综合指标(EHCI),分析了自生态省战略实施21年来其空间分布及时间变化趋势。结果表明:(1)利用指标体系和指标筛选模型获得的最终指标能够较好体现研究区的生态系统特点,且所计算的生态健康状况的空间分布与现有文献和实际情况相符,说明所构建的指标体系和指标筛选模型是合理的;(2)福建省多年来生态健康状况良好,优良面积超过82%;空间分布总体呈现出内陆高、沿海低的特征,全省生态健康状况的空间分布与人文和自然都有着显著的相关性;(3)福建省实施生态省建设21年来,全省生态健康状况趋于改善,生态改善区域面积远高于退化区域,其中漳州市、龙岩市与泉州市改善最为明显,生态改善主要得益于水土流失治理成效及生态环境相关政策和项目的推进。

Evaluating the ecological health of Fujian Province,the first pilot demonstration zone and experimental area for ecological civilization in China,would contribute to the advancement of the ecological civilization process.The critical challenges in ecological health assessment are how to construct a rational indicator system and objective-ly select crucial evaluation indicators that align with the research area.Grounded in the pressure-state-response(PSR)framework and ecological hierarchical network(EHN)framework,coupled with a quantitative screening model of network indicator system based on goal optimization theory,we calculated the ecological health composite index(EHCI)for Fujian Province from 2001 to 2021,and analyzed its spatial and temporal dynamics.The results showed that:(1)The final indicators obtained through the indicator system and screening model effectively cap-tured ecosystem characteristics of the study area.The spatial variation of calculated ecological health status aligned with existing literature and real-world conditions,affirming the rationality of the constructed indicator system and screening model for the effective construction of the indicator system and objective selection of key indicators.(2)Over the two decades,Fujian Province had maintained a favorable ecological health status,with over 82%of the area being classified as excellent.The overall spatial distribution of ecological health status exhibited a characteristic pattern of high values in inland and low values in coastal areas,showing significant correlations with both human and natural factors.(3)During the 21 years of implementing the ecological province construction in Fujian,the overall ecological health had been improved.The area of ecological improvement surpassed degraded areas,with Zhangzhou,Longyan,and Quanzhou exhibiting the most significant improvements.Ecological improvement was pri-marily attributed to the effectiveness of soil erosion control and the progress of policies and projects related to the ecological environment.