深海木落生态系统研究进展

A review of recent researches on wood-fall ecosystem in deep sea

深海木落(deep sea wood-fall)作为深海寡营养环境中重要的有机质与能量供应介质,对深海生态系统的生物多样性、物种进化和生物地球化学循环具有重要的影响。本文综述了深海木落生态系统的研究现状与进展,包括:(1)深海木落生态系统的来源、形成及其生态特征;(2)深海木落的生物多样性、群落组成及其影响因素;(3)深海木落的生态功能。总体而言,深海木落是高度分散的岛状生态系统,其通过吸引深海特异性底栖生物和化能合成微生物的方式在寡营养的海底构建生物多样性的热点区域。深海木落独特的三维结构能够为深海生物提供栖息地与新物种进化的源地,并作为深海生物在化能合成生态系统之间迁移扩散的“垫脚石”。深海木落中底栖生物、微生物的多样性和群落结构会受到环境因素和生态系统载体的综合影响。此外,深海木落中的化能合成微生物可通过多种途径参与深海生物地球化学循环,尤其是碳循环与硫循环过程。基于目前国际上的研究进展,本文建议从以下几个方面对深海木落生态系统开展进一步研究:(1)探索深海木落生态系统的生物群落结构和生态演替规律;(2)挖掘深海木落生态系统中与纤维素降解有关的新型微生物及其功能基因;(3)揭示深海木落微生物组对驱动生物地球化学循环的机制。

Wood-fall is an important organic matter and energy source in oligotrophic deep-sea environment,which has important impacts on biodiversity,species evolution and biogeochemical cycle.We reviewed recent research advances of deep sea wood-fall ecosystem from the following aspects:(1)The source,formation and ecological characteristics of deep sea wood-fall ecosystem;(2)The biodiversity,community composition and driving factors of deep sea wood-fall;(3)Ecological functions of deep sea wood-fall.In general,wood-fall ecosystem is a highly fragmented island-like ecosystem,which creates biodiversity hotspots in the oligotrophic seafloor by attracting spe-cific benthic organisms and chemosynthetic microorganisms in deep sea.The unique three-dimensional structure of wood-fall can provide habitat and shelter for deep sea organisms,and promote the evolution of new species.The wood-fall is also a“stepping stone”for the migration and dispersal of species in the chemosynthetic ecosystem.The diversity and community structure of benthic organisms and microorganisms in deep sea wood-fall are influenced by environmental factors and ecosystem carriers.Moreover,chemosynthetic microorganisms in the wood-fall ecosystem can participate in the deep-sea biogeochemical cycling,especially the carbon cycle and sulfur cycle,through diverse pathways.Herein,we suggest to further study the deep-sea wood-fall ecosystem from the following aspects:(1)The community structure and ecological succession of deep sea wood-fall ecosystem;(2)The novel microor-ganisms and related functional genes related to cellulose degradation in the deep sea wood-fall ecosystem;(3)The driving mechanism of deep sea wood-fall microbiome on biogeochemical cycles.