淮安市某废旧机械拆解企业职业病危害现状

Status quo of occupational hazards in a waste machinery dismantling enterprise in Huai'an City

目的调查淮安市工业园区某废旧汽车和家用电器拆解企业职业病危害现状,找出该类企业职业病危害因素共性和存在问题,以期为企业后期整改和其他企业提供借鉴。方法2020—2022年,连续3年对淮安市某废旧机械拆解企业现场职业卫生调查、职业病危害因素检测以及职业健康监护的基础上,综合分析评估其职业病危害现状和存在问题。结果该废旧机械拆解企业主要的职业病危害因素为拆解和破碎岗位的粉尘和噪声。该企业经3年职业病危害治理后,2020年噪声作业岗位7个,2021年6个,2022年5个。近3年职业健康检查结果显示,2020年发现噪声职业禁忌证2人、2021年1人、2022年4人。该企业噪声危害控制和治理无效,职业病危害程度有逐年增加的趋势。结论废旧机械拆解企业职业病危害的关键控制点为粉尘防护和噪声作业岗位的隔离和控制,噪声作业岗位识别精准和检测全面是噪声控制的基础。因此全面实施职业病危害岗位连续监测,隔离治理噪声,督促劳动者正确佩戴个体防护用品等可以改善噪声作业环境,促进劳动者职业健康。

Objective To investigate the status quo of occupational hazards in a waste machinery dismantling enterprise in Huai'an Industrial Park,identify the commonalities and problems of occupational hazards in these enterprises,in order to assist rectification and provide reference for other enterprises.Methods Based on three years of field occupational health investigation,occupational hazard factor detection and occupational health surveillance in a waste machinery dismantling enterprise in Huai'an City from 2020 to 2022,comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the current status and existing problems of occupational hazards was conducted.Results The main occupational hazards of the waste machinery dismantling enterprise were dust and noise from dismantling and crushing positions.After three years of occupational hazard control,there were seven noise work positions in 2020,six in 2021,and five in 2022.According to the results of occupational health medical examinations in the past three years,two people were found to have occupational contraindication to noise in 2020,one people in 2021,and four people in 2022.The noise hazard control of the enterprise was ineffective,and there was a trend of increasing year by year in the degree of occupational hazards.Conclusions The key control points for occupational hazards of waste machinery dismantling enterprises are dust protection,and isolation and control of noisy work positions.The accurate identification and comprehensive detection of noise work positions are the foundation of noise control.Therefore,these could improve the noise working environment and promote occupational health of workers,such as continuous monitoring of occupational hazards,isolation of noise,and urging workers to wear personal protective equipment.