上海市浦东新区6~15岁中小学生维生素A、维生素D、血清锌营养状况与体格生长的相关性

Nutritional status of vitamin A,vitamin D,serum zinc and its correlation with physical growth among primary and middle school students aged 6-15 in Pudong New Area of Shanghai City

目的了解上海市浦东新区中小学生维生素A、维生素D和血清锌的水平,分析其对学生体格生长发育的影响。方法根据国家2021年“农村义务教育学生营养改善计划”方案要求,采用分层随机整群抽样,以班级为单位,选取605名小学和初中生,于2021年10月对学生测量身高和体质量,同时采集空腹静脉血检测维生素A、维生素D和血清锌浓度。结果调查对象平均年龄为(10.53±2.64)岁,维生素A平均浓度为(0.39±0.07)μg/mL,维生素D平均浓度为(17.97±5.82)ng/mL,血清锌平均浓度为(152.71±85.96)μg/dL。维生素A边缘型缺乏率为10.58%,维生素D缺乏率为52.89%、不足率为13.88%,血清锌缺乏率为15.70%。初中生维生素D缺乏率和不足率高于小学生,女生高于男生;郊区的血清锌缺乏率远高于城区,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。消瘦人群的维生素A边缘型缺乏率较高,肥胖人群的维生素A边缘型缺乏率较低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论上海市浦东新区中小学生均存在维生素A、维生素D和血清锌缺乏的问题,尤其是维生素D缺乏情况最为突出,需引起高度重视。消瘦人群更易发生维生素A缺乏。

Objective To understand the levels of vitamin A,vitamin D,and serum zinc among primary and middle school students in Pudong New Area of Shanghai City,and explore their impact on students'physical growth and development.Methods According to the requirements of the'Nutrition Improvement Program for Compulsory Education Students in Rural Areas'(shorten as Student Nutrition Improvement Program),a stratified random cluster sampling was used to select 605 primary and middle school students on a class by class basis.In October 2021,the students'height and body mass were measured,and fasting venous blood was collected to detect vitamin A,vitamin D,and serum zinc concentrations.Results The average age of the survey subjects was(10.53±2.64)years old,and the average concentration of vitamin A was(0.39±0.07)μg/mL,the average concentration of vitamin D was(17.97±5.82)ng/mL,and the average concentration of serum zinc was(152.71±85.96)μg/dL.The marginal deficiency rate of vitamin A was 10.58%,the deficiency rate of vitamin D was 52.89%,the marginal deficiency rate of vitamin D was 13.88%,and the deficiency rate of serum zinc was 15.70%.The rates of vitamin D deficiency and marginal deficiency in middle school students were higher than those in primary school students,and the rate was higher among girls than boys.The serum zinc deficiency rate in suburban areas was much higher than that in urban areas,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.01).The marginal deficiency rate of vitamin A in lean individuals was higher,while the marginal deficiency rate of vitamin A in obese individuals was lower,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.01).Conclusion Primary and secondary school students in Pudong New Area of Shanghai City,all suffer from deficiencies in vitamin A,vitamin D,and serum zinc,with vitamin D deficiency being particularly prominent and requiring high attention.Thin individuals are more prone to vitamin A deficiency.