政治催生大户:粮食安全责任与地方、农民的行动策略--以湖南省6县13村为研究对象

Politics Giving Birth to Large-Scale Producers:Accountability for Food Security and Action Strategies of Local Governments and Farmers--A Study of 13 Villages in 6 Counties in Hunan Province

最近十年粮食生产大户迅速崛起,成为“三农”领域一个突出的经济和政治现象。通过对粮食安全责任制度变化的研究发现,责任制与粮食生产大户的产生有着紧密的关系。粮食安全责任制的变化影响着地方政府、村庄、农户和大户的行动策略及其选择。粮食安全责任制的行政要求和政治要求对相关行动主体几乎没有影响,然而,一旦责任制转变为行政问责、政治问责及两者的叠加,就将重塑相关主体的行为。如果地方党委和政府出台额外支持政策,将进一步加剧农户的分化,促进土地向大户流转和集中,加速粮食生产大户的产生和规模扩张。强行政问责、强政治问责而催生的大户,可称为“政治型大户”。“政治型大户”不同于马克思提出“资本主义农场”,也不同于恰亚诺夫提出的以家庭农场为基础的“纵向一体化”经营,它是一种兼具政治和经济特色的经营主体和经营方式。

The rapid rise of large-scale food producers in the last decade has become a prominent economic and political phenomenon in the field of“agriculture,countryside,and farmers”.A study of changes in the accountability system for food security reveals that there is a close relationship between the accountability system and the emergence of large-scale food producers.Changes in the accountability system for food security affect the strategies of action and choices made by local governments,villages,farmers and large households.The administrative and political requirements of accountability system for food security have little effect on the relevant action subjects,but once the accountability system is transformed into administrative accountability,political accountability,and the superposition of the two,the behavior of the relevant action subjects will be reshaped.If local party committees and governments introduce additional support policies,it will further intensify the differentiation of farmers,promote the transfer and concentration of land to large-scale producers,and accelerate the emergence and scale expansion of large food producers.The large households created by strong administrative and political accountability can be called“political large-scale producers”.The“political large-scale producers”are different from the“capitalist farms”put forward by Karl Marx and the“vertical integration”operation based on family farms put forward by Alexander Chayanov.It is a kind of business subject and business mode with both political and economic characteristics.