反刍动物胃肠道葡萄糖感应受体与转运载体的功能特征及相关调控

Functional Characteristics and Related Regulation of Glucose Sensing Receptors andTransporters in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Ruminants

反刍动物胃肠道的葡萄糖感应受体(T1R2/T1R3)能感应葡萄糖的存在,传导甜味信号至中枢神经,同时促进胃肠激素的分泌并通过胃肠激素上调葡萄糖转运载体的表达。葡萄糖转运载体主要有SGLT1和GLUT2,前者主要功能是将葡萄糖转运至胃肠道上皮细胞内,后者主要功能是将胃肠道上皮细胞中的葡萄糖转运进临近血管中。葡萄糖感应受体与转运载体相互协调,共同完成胃肠道的葡萄糖吸收过程。本文就反刍动物胃肠道的葡萄糖感应受体和转运载体的功能特征及其相关调控机制研究进展进行综述,以期为提高反刍动物对葡萄糖利用效率的相关研究提供参考。

The glucose sensing receptor(T1R2/T1R3)in the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants can detect the presence of glucose,transmit sweet signals to the central nervous system,and promote the secretion of gastrointestinal hormones and up-regulate the expression of glucose transporters through gastrointestinal hormones.Glucose transporters mainly consist of SGLT1 and GLUT2.The former one is primarily responsible for transporting glucose into gastrointestinal epithelial cells,while the latter one basically involves in transporting glucose from gastrointestinal epithelial cells into adjacent blood vessels.Glucose sensing receptors and transporters work together to fulfill the glucose absorption process in the gastrointestinal tract.In this paper,the functional characteristics of glucose sensing receptors and transporters in the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants and their relevant regulatory mechanisms were reviewed,in order to provide insights and references for improving the utilization efficiency of glucose in ruminants.