哺乳方式对猪生长、血清生化、肠道微生物及代谢物的影响

Effect of Feeding Regimes on Growth,Serum Biochemistry,Gut Microbiota and Their Metabolites of Pigs

旨在阐明母乳和配方奶引起的猪肠道微生态差异。本研究选取12头健康、体重基本一致的1日龄雌性荣昌仔猪,随机分为两组,每组6头仔猪,分别进行母乳喂养(BF)和配方喂养(FF),30日龄断奶后继续饲喂至210日龄,测定体重和血清生化指标,并利用16S rRNA测序和LC-MS技术分别检测盲肠微生物和代谢物的组成。结果显示:与FF猪相比,BF猪平均日增重、血清谷丙转氨酶、谷氨酰氨基转移酶、碱性磷酸酶、白蛋白、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白和低密度脂蛋白水平以及白蛋白/球蛋白比值均显著升高(P<0.05),而肌酐水平和谷草转氨酶/谷丙转氨酶比值显著降低(P<0.05)。肠道微生物方面,与FF猪相比,BF猪chao1、ace和simpson指数以及Actinobacteria、Bacteroidetes、Lactobacillus、Clostridium_XlVa、Streptococcus、Oscillibacter和Megasphaera相对丰度显著升高(P<0.05),而shannon指数以及Clostridium_sensu_stricto、Turicibacter、Terrisporobacter和Mogibacterium相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05)。并且,与FF猪相比,BF猪丰度下调的差异微生物富集于氨基酸代谢、辅助因子与维生素代谢、脂质代谢及核苷酸代谢(P<0.05),BF猪丰度上调的差异微生物富集于碳水化合物代谢、聚糖生物合成与代谢及异种生物降解与代谢(P<0.05)。差异代谢物主要参与氨基酸代谢,比如组氨酸代谢、精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢以及色氨酸代谢,其次是嘧啶代谢和促乳素信号通路(P<0.05)。此外,属水平丰度top 8的微生物绝大多数与特定代谢物之间均呈现显著相关(P<0.05)。综上所述,母乳在提高有益菌丰度和促进氨基酸代谢方面具有积极的作用,结果将为与仔猪哺乳方式相关的一些风险和益处提供可能的解释,并将为仔猪配方奶的开发提供理论指导。

The aim of this study was to elucidate the differences in gut microecology of pigs induced by breast milk and formula.In this study,12 healthy 1-day-old female Rongchang piglets with similar body weight were randomly divided into two groups(BF:breast-fed;FF:formula-fed),with 6 piglets in each group.After weaning at 30 days of age,piglets were continued feeding until 210 days of age.Body weight and serum biochemical indicators were determined,and the composition of cecal microbiota and metabolites were detected by 16S rRNA sequencing and LC-MS technology.The results showed that the average daily weight gain,serum alanine aminotransferase,glutamyl aminotransferase,alkaline phosphatase,albumin,total cholesterol,high-density lipoprotein,low-density lipoprotein levels,and albumin/globulin ratio were significantly higher(P<0.05),while creatinine levels and aspartate transaminase/glutamic pyruvic transaminase ratio were significantly lower in BF pigs compared with FF pigs(P<0.05).Regarding gut microbiota,compared to FF pigs,BF pigs had significantly higher chao1,ace,and simpson indices as well as significantly higher Actinobacteria,Bacteroidetes,Lactobacillus,Clostrium_XlVa,Streptococcus,Oscillibacter and Megasphaera(P<0.05)in relative abundance,while the shannon index as well as the relative abundance of Clostridium_sensu_stricto,Turicibacter,Terrisporobacter and Mogibacterium were significantly lower(P<0.05).Moreover,compared with FF pigs,the differential microbiota with down-regulated abundance were enriched in amino acid metabolism,cofactor and vitamin metabolism,lipid metabolism,and nucleotide metabolism in BF pigs(P<0.05),and the differential microbiota with up-regulated abundance were enriched in carbohydrate metabolism,glycan biosynthesis and metabolism,and xenobiotic degradation and metabolism in BF pigs(P<0.05).Differential metabolites were mainly involved in amino acid metabolism,such as histidine metabolism,arginine and proline metabolism,and tryptophan metabolism,followed by pyrimidine metabolism and prolactin signaling pathways(P<0.05).In addition,most microbiota with genus level abundance top 8 showed significant correlation with specific metabolites(P<0.05).In summary,the breast milk has a positive effect on increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria and promoting amino acid metabolism.The results will provide possible explanations for some of the risks and benefits associated with piglet lactation practices,and will support theoretical guidance for the development of piglet formula.