低等级公路货车路侧事故乘员伤害评估方法

Passenger injury assessment method for freight vehicles roadside accidents on low grade highway

为定量评估低等级公路货车路侧事故风险,降低路侧事故损失,使用PC-Crash软件进行仿真试验,研究在不同圆曲线半径、边坡坡度、驶出速度和路基高度的条件下轻型货车和重型货车驶入路侧的事故严重程度。以加速度损伤指标ASI作为乘员伤害评估指标,分别建立了低等级公路直线段和曲线段货车路侧事故乘员损伤程度计算模型。利用Fisher最优分割法,根据ASI有序数据样本,划分了低等级公路货车路侧事故严重度等级并计算了加速度损伤指标ASI阈值,提出了低等级公路货车路侧事故严重度评价标准。研究结果表明:加速度损伤指标ASI与车速和路基高度之间体现出类似于正线性变化趋势;加速度损伤指标ASI与边坡坡度之间体现出类似于指数函数变化趋势;加速度损伤指标ASI与圆曲线半径之间体现出类似于幂函数变化趋势;相比于车速和路基高度,边坡坡度的增加更容易导致车辆冲出路外发生路侧事故,增加路侧事故严重程度;圆曲线半径的增大虽然可以减少路侧事故的严重程度,但其影响相对较小。

To quantitatively evaluate the risk of roadside accidents for low-grade highway trucks and reduce roadside accident losses,simulation experiments were conducted using PC Crash software to study the accidental severity of light and heavy trucks entering the roadside under different circular curve radius,slope gradient,exit speeds,and roadbed heights.The acceleration damage index ASI is used as the evaluation index of passenger injury,and the calculation models of passenger injury degree of truck side accidents in linear and curved sections of low grade highway are established respectively.By using Fisher′s optimal segmentation method and ASI ordered data samples.The roadside accident severity grade of low-grade highway trucks is divided and the ASI threshold of acceleration damage index is calculated.and the severity evaluation criteria of truck side accidents on low grade highway were put forward.The results show that the acceleration damage index ASI exhibits a similar positive linear trend with vehicle speed and roadbed height.The change trend between acceleration damage index ASI and slope gradient is similar to that of Exponential function.The change trend between the acceleration damage index ASI and the radius of the circular curve is similar to that of the power function.Compared with vehicle speed and roadbed height,the increase of slope gradient is more likely to lead to roadside accidents when vehicles rush out of the road and increase the severity of roadside accidents.However,although increasing the radius of circular curves can reduce the severity of roadside accidents,its impact is relatively small.