韵律性身体活动对3~6岁儿童执行功能影响的系统综述

Effect of rhythmic physical activity on executive function in children aged three to six:a systematic review

目的系统分析韵律性身体活动对健康学龄前儿童执行功能及其不同子成分的干预效果。方法检索中国知网、万方数据、EBSCO、Pub Med、Google Scholar和Web of Science数据库中有关韵律性身体活动对健康3~6岁儿童执行功能干预的中英文文献,检索期限为建库至2024年10月。采用物理治疗证据数据库(PEDro)量表评价方法学质量,提取相关数据进行系统综述。结果最终纳入10篇研究,发表时间集中于2019年至2024年,来自7个国家,包含7项随机对照试验和3项准实验设计,共涉及1047例儿童。PEDro量表评分5~8分。韵律性身体活动干预每次20~50 min,每周1~5次,共6~20周。干预形式包括体育活动(街舞、花球啦啦操、走、跑、跳等动作技能练习)、音乐教学活动(音乐感知、节奏同步、音乐游戏)、舞蹈活动(创意舞蹈、动作模仿、角色扮演)和器乐演奏活动(身体打击乐、节奏棒、沙球、鼓)。韵律性身体活动对健康学龄前儿童至少一项执行功能成分有效,但涉及认知灵活性的7项研究中,5项效果不显著;6项研究对比韵律性身体活动与其他身体活动的干预效果,5项发现韵律性身体活动对执行功能的干预效果更好。结论韵律性身体活动可以改善学龄前儿童抑制控制和工作记忆,对认知灵活性方面的效果存在争议。

Objective To systematically analyze the effect of rhythmic physical activity on executive function and sub-components in healthy preschool children.Methods Literature in Chinese and English was retrieved from databases such as CNKI,Wanfang Data,EBSCO,PubMed,Google Scholar and Web of Science for researches about the intervention of rhythmic physical activity for executive function of healthy children aged three to six years,up to October,2024.The methodological quality of the researches was evaluated with PEDro Scale,and data were extracted for a systematic review.Results Ten researches,published between 2019 and 2024,from seven countries,were included;and seven were randomized controlled trials and three were quasi experiment,involving a total of 1047 children.The scores of the PEDro scale ranged five to eight.The rhythmic physical activity intervention was 20 to 50 minutes a time,one to five times a week,for six to 20 weeks.The forms of rhythmic physical activity intervention included sports activities(street dance,flower ball cheerleading,walking,running,jumping and other motor skill exercises),music teaching activities(music perception,rhythm synchronization and music games),dance activities(creative dance,action imitation and role playing)and music performance activities(body percussion,rhythm sticks,sand ballsand drums).Rhythmic physical activity was effective on at least one sub-component of executive function.However,five of the seven researches involving cognitive flexibility failed to demonstrate a positive effect.Six researchescompared the effects of rhythmic physical activity versus other physical activities,and five found thatrhythmic physical activity was more effective on executive function.Conclusion Rhythmic physical activity can improve inhibitory control and working memory in preschool children;butthe effect on cognitive flexibility remain controversial.