雪茄烟叶中霉菌快速计数测试片的筛选及主要霉菌种类的鉴定

Rapid mold screening using count plates and identification of major mold species for cigar tobacco leaves

为明确引起雪茄烟叶霉变的主要霉菌种类,并筛选出适用于霉菌快速计数的测试片,分析了市售陆桥ET005、默克MC-Media、环凯HP003、3M 70200775800、美正LR10035种霉菌快速测试片在霉变雪茄烟叶中的计数效果,并采用平板计数法比对分析5种测试片检测结果的可信度及测试周期。同时对主要霉菌进行分离和纯化,并采用形态学、ITS测序和MALDI-TOF MS相结合的方法进行菌种鉴定。结果表明:霉菌快速计数测试片法检测结果略低于平板计数法,但其操作简单,判读清晰。其中,美正霉菌快速测试片综合检测效果最好,可满足日常检测的需要。引起雪茄烟叶霉变的霉菌具有多样性,曲霉属(Aspergillus sp.)是引起雪茄烟叶霉变的主要菌属,土曲霉(Aspergillus terreus)和黄曲霉(Aspergillus flavus)均可引起雪茄烟叶霉变。

In order to clarify the main mold species in moldy cigar tobacco leaves and to screen the count plates suitable for rapid mold counting,the counting effects of five commercially available rapid mold count plates,including Luqiao ET005,Moke MC-Media,Huankai HP003,3M 70200775800,and Meizheng LR1003,for moldy cigar tobacco leaves were investigated,and the credibility of the results of the five count plates and the test period were analyzed.In addition,the major molds were isolated and purified,and the strains were identified by a method combining morphology,ITS sequencing,and MALDI-TOF MS.The results showed that the detection results of rapid mold count plate method were slightly lower than those of plate counting method,while its operation was simple with clear interpretation.Meizheng rapid count plate had the best comprehensive test effect which could meet the needs of routine test.There were various kinds of molds identified on cigar tobacco leaves,among them Aspergillus sp.was the main mold genera.Both Aspergillus terreus and Aspergillus flavus could cause cigar tobacco leaf to be moldy.