南阳市8~10岁儿童碘营养水平与甲状腺肿流行现状研究

Iodine Nutrition and the Prevalence of Goiter in 8~10 Year Old Children in Nanyang

目的:了解南阳市8~10岁儿童碘营养水平与甲状腺肿流行现状,为适时采取针对性防治措施和科学调整干预策略提供依据。方法:2023年采用分层随机抽样法,选取南阳市4个县(区) 20所学校的842名8~10岁非寄宿制学生为研究对象。结果:842名8~10岁儿童盐碘中位数为26.20 mg/kg,合格碘盐覆盖率为98.46%,尿碘中位数为220.39μg/L,甲状腺肿大率为1.66%。不同年龄、地区儿童尿碘含量比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为8.637、93.271,P<0.05)。其中,宛城区儿童尿碘含量最高,其次是方城县;9岁儿童尿碘含量最高,8岁与10岁儿童次之。儿童盐碘含量与甲状腺容积、尿碘含量的相关系数分别为0.168、0.069,尿碘含量与甲状腺容积相关系数为0.189,本次监测儿童盐碘含量与甲状腺容积、尿碘含量,尿碘含量与甲状腺容积之间均存在显著正相关关系。结论:南阳市儿童总体处于碘营养充足水平,但一部分儿童还存在碘摄入过多或过少的风险。儿童总体甲状腺肿大率处于较低水平。此次调查的4个县(区)合格碘盐覆盖率均>90.00%,儿童尿碘中位数均>100.00μg/L,甲状腺肿大率均<5.00%,符合国家碘缺乏病消除评估标准。

OBJECTIVE To understand the iodine nutrition level and goiter prevalence of 8~10 year old children in Nanyang,and to provide basis for timely prevention and control measures and scientific adjustment of intervention strategies.METHODS In 2023,non-boarding students aged 8~10 from 20 schools in 4 counties of Nanyang were selected by stratified random sampling method.RESULTS 842 children aged 8~10 years were surveyed.The median salt iodine level was 26.20 mg/kg,the coverage rate of qualified iodized salt was 98.46%,the median urine iodine concentration was 220.39μg/L,and the prevalence of goiter was 1.66%.There was significant difference in urinary iodine level among children of different ages and regions(χ^(2)=8.637,93.271,P<0.05).Among them,the urine iodine level of children in Wancheng district was the highest,followed by Fangcheng county.The urine iodine level of children aged 9 years was the highest,followed by children aged 8 years and 10 years.The correlation coefficients between salt iodine content and thyroid volume and urinary iodine content in children were 0.168 and 0.069 respectively,and the correlation coefficient between urine iodine content and thyroid volume was 0.189.In the monitoring,there was a significant positive correlation between salt iodine content and thyroid volume,urinary iodine content and thyroid volume in children.CONCLUSION The overall iodine nutrition of children in Nanyang is adequate,but some children still have the risk of too much and too little iodine intake.The overall rate of goiter in children is at a low level.The coverage rate of qualified iodized salt was>90.00%,the median urine iodine of children was>100.00μg/L,and the thyroid swelling rate was<5.00%,which met the national evaluation standards for elimination of iodine deficiency diseases.