2019—2022年霍邱县婴幼儿营养状况监测结果分析

Analysis of Monitoring Results of Infant Nutrition Status in Huoqiu County from 2019 to 2022

目的:了解安徽省霍邱县婴幼儿营养状况的动态变化,为进一步落实好儿童营养改善项目提供数据支持。方法:选取2019—2022年霍邱县进行婴幼儿营养喂养监测评估的乡镇,采用入样概率与活产数成比例的PPS抽样和随机等距抽样相结合的方法抽取样本,对抽取的6~23月龄婴幼儿进行体重、身长和血红蛋白测量或检测,对婴幼儿看护人进行问卷调查。结果:2019—2022年共调查1 244名6~23月龄婴幼儿及其看护人,不同年份婴幼儿身长、体重和血红蛋白值比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为0.180、2.770、2.810,P<0.05),分别由2019年的78.30 cm、10.32 kg和115.58 g/L上升至2022年的79.50 cm、10.43 kg和118.39 g/L,分别增长了1.20 cm、0.10 kg和2.81 g/L;婴幼儿超重肥胖、贫血检出率分别由2019年的4.25%、25.16%下降至2022年的1.98%、13.86%,下降幅度达到53.41%和44.91%;而营养不良性疾病(低体重、生长迟缓和消瘦)的检出率由2019年的3.27%上升至2022年的6.27%,涨幅达到91.74%。结论:霍邱县通过实施儿童营养改善项目,婴幼儿贫血患病率显著改善,但是应关注营养不良性疾病。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the dynamic changes of infant nutritional status in Huoqiu County,and to provide data support for further implementation of child nutrition improvement project.METHODS The townships undergoing monitoring and evaluation of infant nutrition feeding in Huoqiu from 2019 to 2022 were selected,and the samples were chosen by combining PPS sampling and random equidistant sampling,with a sampling probability proportional to the number of live births.The weight,body length and hemoglobin of the selected infants aged 6~23 months were measured or tested,and paper questionnaires were distributed to the infant caregivers.RESULTS 1244 infants aged 6~23 months and their caregivers were surveyed from 2019 to 2022,with statistic differences detected in body length,weight and hemoglobin of the infants during different years(χ^(2)=0.180,2.770,2.810,P<0.05),which rose from 78.30 cm,10.32 kg,and 115.58 g/L in 2019 to respectively 79.50 cm,10.43 kg and 118.39 g/L in 2022,an increase of respectively 1.20 cm,0.10 kg and 2.81 g/L.The detection rates of overweight,obesity and anemia in the infants respectively decreased from 4.25%and 25.16%in 2019 to 1.98%and 13.86%in 2022,a decrease of 53.41%and 44.91%,respectively.The detection rate of malnutrition diseases-underweight,growth retardation and emaciation-increased from 3.27%in 2019 to 6.27%in 2022,an increase of 91.74%.CONCLUSION The prevalence rate of infant anemia in Huoqiu County has been significantly improved through the implementation of the child nutrition improvement project,but concerns on malnutrition diseases still remain to be raised.