2014—2023年佳木斯市肾综合征出血热流行特征及宿主动物监测分析

Epidemic Characteristics of Hemorrhagic Fever and Analysis of Host Animal Monitoring in Jiamusi from 2014 to 2023

目的:掌握佳木斯市肾综合征出血热(Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome,HFRS)疫情特征,分析鼠密度、鼠带毒率和鼠感染率情况,为HFRS疫情防控提供依据。方法:采用描述性流行病学方法对HFRS流行特征及宿主动物资料进行分析,率的比较用χ^(2)检验。结果:2014—2023年佳木斯市共报告HFRS病例1 299例,年均发病率为5.58/10万;每年的5—7月、10—12月为HFRS发病高峰。2014—2023年佳木斯市各市(县、区) HFRS年均发病率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=403.33,P<0.01),其中抚远市(16.60/10万)和同江市(9.33/10万)最高。HFRS病例主要以青壮年、男性、农民为主。2014—2023年佳木斯市鼠密度为7.94%、带毒率为7.62%、感染率为9.42%。结论:2014—2023年佳木斯市HFRS主要为散发,发病率总体呈下降趋势;呈春夏季小高峰和秋冬季大高峰的双峰分布;抚远市和同江市年均发病率较高;男性年均发病率高于女性;50~54岁年龄组年均发病率最高;职业以农民为主。鼠种主要为黑线姬鼠和褐家鼠,鼠密度较高。

OBJECTIVE Mastering the epidemic characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS)in Jiamusi,to analyze the mouse density,virus carrying rate,and infection rate,and provide a basis for HFRS epidemic prevention and control capabilities.METHODS Using descriptive epidemiology to analyze epidemic characteristics and host animal data,comparing rates using aχ^(2)-test.RESULTS A total of 1299 cases of HFRS were reported in Jiamusi from 2014 to 2023,with an average incidence rate of 5.58/105.May to July and October to December were the peak months in every year for the onset of the disease.The average annual incidence of HFRS in Jiamusi from 2014 to 2023 was statistically significant(χ^(2)=403.33,P<0.01),and the highest incidence was found in Fuyuan(16.60/105)and Tongjiang(9.33/105).The cases were mainly young adults,males,and farmers.The host animal monitoring showed a mouse density of 7.94%,a virus carrying rate of 7.62%,and an infection rate of 9.42%.CONCLUSION From 2014 to 2023,the average incidence rate of HFRS in Jiamusi showed a general downward trend.Emitting a bimodal distribution of small peaks in spring and summer and large peaks in autumn and winter.The average annual incidence rate rate in Fuyuan and Tongjiang is high.Men are higher than women.The average incidence rate of the 50~54 years old is the highest.The profession is mainly focused on farmers.The main mouse species are black striped mice and brown house mice,with a high density of mice.