南京城区886名小学生学习障碍筛查结果分析

Analysis of Pupil Rating Scale of 886 Primary School Students in Nanjing Urban Area

目的:通过对南京城区小学生进行学习障碍(Learning Disorder,LD)筛查,为学生LD的预防及干预性措施的建立提供参考依据。方法:2020年9月—2021年4月采用分层整群随机抽样法在南京6所小学(玄武区、建邺区、浦口区各2所) 1~6年级,每年级随机抽取一个班,由班主任按照《学习障碍儿童筛查量表》对抽取到的学生进行评定。结果:886名小学生中,共筛出LD学生110人,LD总筛出率为12.4%。其中,男生LD总筛出率高于女生,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=14.539,P<0.05)。混合型LD筛出率最高,为8.1%,言语型LD、非言语型LD筛出率分别为1.6%、2.7%。男、女生非言语型LD、混合型LD筛出率比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为8.573、7.573,P<0.05)。1年级学生LD总筛出率最高,为14.9%;6年级最低,为8.3%。6~9岁组学生LD总筛出率为12.5%(70/560),与10~13岁组学生12.3%的LD总筛出率(40/326)相差不大。在LD学生中,6~9岁组与10~13岁组学生在LD亚型构成方面存在差异,但在性别构成方面未见明显差异。结论:南京城区小学生中LD筛出率较高,男生、混合型LD常见。男生LD筛出率随年级变化趋势不明显,而女童的筛出率随年级增加有所下降。社会、学校、家庭应引起高度重视。

OBJECTIVE To screen Learning Disorder(LD)among primary school students in Nanjing,and to provide reference for its prevention and intervention.METHODS Stratified random cluster sampling was used to randomly select one class from grades 1~6 every year in 6 primary schools(2 schools each in Xuanwu District,Jianye District and Pukou District)in Nanjing from Septem⁃ber 2020 to April 2021.Teachers filled in The Pupil Rating Scale(PRS)Revised-Screening for Learning Disabilities for investigation and analysis.RESULTS Among the 886 primary school students,110 children with suspected LD were screened,and the LD screen⁃ing rate was 12.4%.The total LD screening rate of boys was higher than that of girls(χ^(2)=14.539,P<0.05).The highest screening rate was 8.1%for mixed LD,1.6%for verbal LD and 2.7%for non-verbal LD.There was significant difference in the screening rate between male and female patients with non-verbal LD and mixed LD(χ^(2)=8.573,7.573,P<0.05).The highest LD screening rate was 14.9%in grade One and 8.3%in grade six.The screening rate of children aged 6~9 years old(12.5%)was similar to that of children aged 10~13 years old(12.3%).Among LD children,there was also statistical significance in the composition of LD sub⁃types between the 6~9 years old group and the 10~13 years old group,but there was no significant difference in gender composi⁃tion.CONCLUSION LD screening rate is high in primary school students in Nanjing city,and boys and mixed LD are common.The LD screening rate of boys did not decrease significantly with the increase of grade,while that of girls decreased with the increase of grade.Society,schools and families should attach great importance to it.