基于爆炸损伤的头部有限元模型建立与验证

Establishment and verification of a head finite element model based on explosion injury

为了更好地理解爆炸冲击波作用下头部的力学响应和损伤机制,利用计算机电子断层扫描与核磁共振医学图像获取了头部几何信息,开发了具有骨缝结构的精细化头部有限元模型。基于已有的激波管尸体实验,开展了正面、侧面与背面爆炸冲击数值模拟,通过对比颅内压-时间历程曲线与颅内压峰值,验证有限元模型的有效性。结果表明:在3种冲击方向下,颅内4个区域的压力峰值与文献实验仿真数据吻合较好;爆炸仿真中颅骨骨缝处有明显应力集中,骨缝线处头部有更大的损伤风险;同等爆炸冲击强度下,正面和背面冲击比侧面冲击对头部造成的损伤更严重。建立的头部模型可应用于爆炸载荷下的头部损伤研究,同时可探究骨缝对于头部生物力学响应的影响,对爆炸损伤研究具有重要意义。

In order to better understand the mechanical response and injury mechanism of the head under the action of explosive shock wave,the geometric information of the head was obtained through computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging,and a finite element model of the head with fine cranial bone and brain tissue was developed.Based on the existing blast tube cadaver experiments,forward,side,and backward explosive shock numerical simulations were conducted,and the cranial pressure-time history curves and peak cranial pressure were compared to validate the finite element model.The results show that the peak pressures of the four regions in the cranium under the three impact directions are in good agreement with the experimental and simulated data in the literature;there is obvious stress concentration at the suture line of the cranial bone in the simulated blast simulation;the head has a greater risk of injury at the suture line;and the front and back impacts cause more serious head injuries than the side impact under the same explosive shock intensity.The head model established can be used in the study of head injury under explosive loading,and the influence of suture on the biomechanical response of the head can be explored,which has important research significance for blast injury research.